Material time

Material Time Melting point (Kj Material Time Melting point IK]... 

Estimating the total release of flammable material within a reasonable amount of time (generally 2 to 5 minutes) and multiplying this by the heat of combustion of the material times an efficiency factor (generally in the range of 1% to 5% for ordinary hydrocarbons). 

MATERIALS Time (safety) fuse, safety matches, string or tape. 

Ignition. For thermally thick materials, time to ignition is found to follow the following relationship as external heat flux is varied ( 4,6) ... 

The gas permeability of the constructive materials after treatment by chemicals was examined. Influence of types of concrete, cement and gypsum, preliminary treatment by different chemicals, time between treatments by organic compounds, humidity of constructive materials, time between preparation of chemicals and treatment of materials (aging of chemicals), time between treatment of materials and testing (aging of treated materials) were investigated. 

Gas Building material Time after treatment, days ... 

Cell Line Product Reactor Volmne (L) Max. Perfusion Rate (d ) Cultivation Filter Material/ Time Pore Size (d) Rotation Speed (rpm) Did fouling occur Max. Viable Cell Cone. (10 mL ) Separation Efficiency (%) Ref... 

Starting Material Time (h) Temp ( C) Composition of the Product Yield (%) %F Found... 

The implementation of time-resolved CARS for microspectroscopy and its application for vibrational imaging based on RFID was first demonstrated by Volkmer et al. [64] using three incident pulses that are much shorter than the relevant material time scale. Here, a pair of temporally overlapped pump and Stokes femtosecond pulses was used to impulsively polarize the molecular vibrations in the sample. Impulsive excitation with a single ultrashort pulse is also possible provided that the spectral bandwidth of the pulse exceeds the Raman shift of the molecular vibration of interest [152]. The relaxation of the induced third-order nonlinear polarization is then probed by scattering of another pulse at a certain delay time, r. A measurement of the RFID consists of the CARS signal collected at a series of delay times. 

Therein, ( ) a denotes the material time derivative with respect to pa. 

In our development and notation we mainly follow Truesdell [10] and use a subscript to indicate a constituent and a prime to denote material time derivative following the motion of that constituent thus, vt = x[ and at = x ( are the 2th peculiar velocity and acceleration, respectively. / ), Li = grad vt and I), = Li — Lf) are the peculiar gradient of deformation, velocity gradient and rate of deformation, respectively. 

Each rate is equal to the product of the amount of material times its decay constant ... 

The total volume of gel solution will depend on the dimensions of the gel molds used. The dimensions we use (length by width by depth) are 21 X 18 X 0.3 cm, 21 X 18 X 0.6 cm, and 21 X 18 X 0.9 cm. By using deeper molds, we can remove multiple layers from a single gel and assay for enzymes that are separated using the same buffer system and have similar electrophoretic mobilities, thereby conserving materials, time, and space. 

The linear viscoelastic measurements of the end-tethered nanocomposites reveal several features unique to these materials. Time-temperature superposi-... 

Lewis number (.ratio of thermal time constant to material time constant due to fluid flow) ... 

The Lewis number has been defined by Ray and Hastings (1980) as the ratio of two time constants, ik and tc. The thermal time constant rh is the ratio of the total heat capacity of a unit reactor volume Vto the heat capacity of the fluids flowing through this volume. For an unpacked reactor this time constant equals the residence time, t = VIF. For a packed reactor the thermal time constant can be considerably longer than the residence time. Similarly, the material time constant 7( is the ratio of material holdup in a unit reactor volume to the flow of material through this volume. Again, for an unpacked reactor, v< = t, whereas a packed reactor could have the material time constant much shorter than the overall holdup time due to the space occupied by the... 

A practical approach to quantitative kinetics of catalyst systems subject to decay or poisoning is to model the catalytic reaction as though no loss occurred but, unless the loss is compensated by make-up, to make the total amount of catalyst material time-dependent in accordance with the loss reaction. Often, little is known about the exact cause and mechanism of loss, and an empirical loss rate is the best one can come up with. In the rare instances in which the exact loss reaction has been identified, a more detailed modeling is possible, as a specific example will illustrate. 

Here the dependence of aj on the free volume Vf allows none to be captured, so that the material time depends on the thermal history and not just the instantaneous temperature. Use of a material clock similar to this can be recognized in... 

By scanning the temperature in a filament pyrolyser, the technique allows the separation of non-polymeric impurities from a polymer or composite material. Time-resolved filament pyrolysis has a series of useful applications as an analytical tool or even in some structure elucidations. As an example, it can be used [48] to differentiate the existence of more labile groups in a polymer structure. A typical variation of the total ion trace in a time-resolved pyrolysis MS for a composite material is shown in Figure 5.4.3. 

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