S: separation

Discovered in 1803 by Wollaston, Palladium is found with platinum and other metals of the platinum group in placer deposits of Russia, South America, North America, Ethiopia, and Australia. It is also found associated with the nickel-copper deposits of South Africa and Ontario. Palladium s separation from the platinum metals depends upon the type of ore in which it is found. 

Much of the world s separated plutonium has been used for nuclear weapons (Table 1). It is probable that 5 kg or less of Pu is used in most of the fission, fusion, and thermonuclear-boosted fission weapons (2). Weapons-grade plutonium requires a content of >95 wt% Pu for maximum efficiency. Much plutonium does not have this purity. 

The Civo.strearn operate.s with a peak held oF 4 te.sla and a magnetic Force oF25() T /rn allow.s. separation oF minerals with magnetic susceptibilities in the order oF l(h ernii/g. In essence the Crvostrearn is an industrial-scale version oF the well laiown laboratory Frantz Iso-dvnarnic Separator,... 

Figure 46. Simplified schematic of countercurrent extraction process C-contactor, S- separator.

Figure 1 The structure of a microfibril. C - crystallite S -separating layer SL - surface layer IZ - intermediate zone mF - border of microfibril k - crystallite length U - separating layer length L - mean long period (spacing).

PH — Process Heater or Furnace R — Reactor S — Separator St — Strainer ST — Steam Tutbine Str — Steam trap SV — Safety Valve Tr — Trap V — Valve... 

RTD s separate the catalyst and the oil vapor immediately at the end of the riser. The cyclone vapor usually discharges directly to the second-stage cyclones and then to the reactor vapor line. The catalyst is directly discharged into the stripper. The reactor is simply a vessel for holding the cyclones. Technologies are offered by ... 

Since the condition for the equilibrium state involves neither U nor S separately, but only the magnitude (U—TS), we may put ... 

FIG. 7 Oligomerization of ethylene (reaction part). C, compressor R, reactor S, separator V, vessel. 

FIG. 24 Manufacture of p-toluenesulfonic acid. R, reactor S, separator E, extraction column D, distillation column (From Ref. 162.)... 

Naidook S. Separation of Acetic and Propionic Acid Analogs of I Thyroxine and l ltiiodotKynHiine by Thin-Layer Ctoomatography , AnaL Biochem. 1978,91, 543-547. 

Transport Emergency Card TEC (R)-61GT3-II-S Separated from food and feedstuffs. ... 

Buskov, S., Sprensen, H., and Sprensen, S., Separation of chlorophylls and their degradation products using packed column supercritical fluid chromatography (SEC), J. High Resol. Chromatogr, 22, 339, 1999. 

Mori, S., Separation and detection of styrene-alkyl methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate-butyl methacrylate copolymers by liquid adsorption chromatography using a dichloroethane mobile phase and a UV detector, J. Chromatogr., 541, 375, 1991. 

Kilar, F. and Fanali, S., Separation of tryptophan-derivative enantiomers with iron-free human serum transferrin by capillary zone electrophoresis, Electrophoresis, 16, 1510, 1995. 

Kim, Y. and Yeung, E.S., Separation of DNA sequencing fragments up to 1000 bases by using poly(ethylene oxide)-filled capillary electrophoresis, ]. Chro-matogr. A, 781, 315, 1997. 

Pressly, R. S. Separation of Americium and Promethium. Report ORNL-... 

Gardell, S. Separation on Dowex 50 Ion Exchange Resin of Glucosamine... 

In the simplest scheme of 2D HPLC, effluent of the first dimension (lst-D) was directly loaded into an injector loop (500 pL) of the 2nd-D HPLC for 28 s, and 2 s were allowed for injection. This operation was accompanied by the loss of lst-D effluent for 2 s out of 30 s in each cycle. The flow rate of 10 mL/min allowed the elution of solutes having retention factors (k values) up to 8 for the 2nd-D within the 30-s separation window, with f0 of 3.5 s. Figure 7.7 a and b shows the chromatograms for the 1 st-D and the 2nd-D, respectively, obtained for a mixture of hydrocarbons and benzene derivatives. The lst-D chromatogram showed many overlapping peaks. PAHs were eluted as mixtures from the FR column, and some are separated in the 2nd-D. 

Several groups have worked on the formation of ZnS using EC-ALE (Table 1) [29, 125, 130, 143, 154, 155, 159, 186], The first study was again by TLEC, where it proved difficult to quantify stripping coulometry for both Zn and S separately for deposits formed with over 5 cycles. Foresti et al. used a procedure where S was re-ductively stripped and Zn oxidatively stripped to accurately determine both Zn and S coverages from coulometry for deposits formed with greater numbers of cycles. 

Damle, A.S., Separation of Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide in Advanced Fossil Energy Conversion Processes using a Membrane Reactor, 2002 Pittsburgh Coal Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, September 2002. 

---