Revolutions, Russian

Ipatieff s life changed dramatically with the Russian Revolution in 1917. The Bolsheviks were hesitant to retain in official positions those who were too closely allied with the old regime. 

The barricade construction moving beyond neighborhoods in the French revolution of 1848, the factory councils in the Russian revolution of 1905, the sitdown strikes of the French Popular Front and the American New Deal, the "direct actions" of the 1968-1972 period in the uncertainty and exuberance of the early period of a cycle of mobilization, innovation accelerates and new forms of contention are developed and diffused. 

Likewise, it is also no secret that the Nazi hierarchy harboured virulent anti-Bolshevik sentiments that brought them close to Elites in England and America and which ultimately found temporary satisfaction in Hitler s attack on the Soviet Union in 1941.6 What is less well known is the fact that it was the same gaggle of Wall Street interests that helped finance the Bolshevik revolution in the first place. We again turn to Professor Sutton who explains why Wall Street financed the Russian Revolution in this manner ... 

THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION S. A. Smith SCHIZOPHRENIA Chris Frith and Eve Johnstone SCHOPENHAUER Christopher Janaway SHAKESPEARE Germaine Greer... 

My parents were immigrants from Russia. My father was studying to be a rabbi, but he decided not to be ordained and he became a militant atheist. His family was rather wealthy in Russia and he was the only member of his family who came to this country when he was 21 years old. My mother, on the other hand, came with her family to America when she was 17 years old. It was soon after the unsuccessful Russian revolution of 1905. I never found out exactly why they left Russia, because they never talked about it, but I know there were pogroms against the Jews in Russia at that time. They were middle class, but their financial situation was deteriorating. One of my aunts was very angry with my grandmother because under financial stress, she kept the maid, but sold the cow, and there was no milk for her. My parents had known each other in Europe, but got married in America, and I was born in New York City. 

A detailed account of the two Russian Revolutions of 1917 (February and, above all, October) would take us too far afield. What is possible, however, is to sketch briefly some of the principal ways in which the actual revolutionary process resembled little the organizational doctrines advocated in What Is to Be Done The high-modernist... 

V. I. Lenin, The Agrarian Programme of Social-Democracy in the First Russian Revolution, 1905-1907, 2nd rev. ed. (Moscow Progress Publishers, 1954), p. 195, written September 28, 1917 (first emphasis only added). 

See, for example, ibid. Sheila Fitzpatrick, The Russian Revolution (Oxford Oxford University Press, 1982) and Marc Ferro, The Bolshevik Revolution A Social History of the Russian Revolution, trans. Norman Stone (London Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980). 

Lenin, quoted in Averich, Kronstadt, 1921, p. 160.1 believe that Lenin is consciously copying Luxemburg here, although I have no direct proof. One can find a precedent for this in Lenin s momentary euphoria about the 1905 revolution "Revolutions are the festival of the oppressed and the exploited. At no other time are the masses of the people in a position to come forward so actively as creators of a new social order as at the time of revolution. At such times, the people are capable of performing miracles (from Two Tactics of Social Democracy, quoted by Richard Stites, Revolutionary Dreams Utopian Vision and Experimental Life in the Russian Revolution [New York Oxford University Press, 1989], p. 42). 

The best source for a discussion about Soviet high modernism is probably Richard Stites, Revolutionary Dreams Utopian Vision and Experimental Life in the Russian Revolution (New York Oxford University Press, 1989). Its generous bibliography appears to cover most of the available sources. 

Hunger and flight from the towns had reduced the number of urban industrial workers from 3.6 million in 1917 to no more than 1.5 million in 1920 (Rtz-patrick. The Russian Revolution, p. 85). 

Paul Walden (1863-1957) was born in Cesis, Latvia, to German parents who died while he was still a child. He received his Ph.D. in Leipzig, Germany, and returned to Russia as professor of chemistry at Riga Polytechnic (1882-1919). Following the Russian Revolution, he went back to Germany as professor at the University of Rostock (1919-1934) and later at the University of Tubingen. 

Trotsky, L. 7 e History of the Russian Revolution. London Pluto Press 1977. 

This same pattern shapes David Lean s Dr. Zhivago. The plot is the Russian Revolution of 1917 and how its success was the ruination of the individual and of the family unit. The melodramatic layer of the film centers around Yuri Zhivago s relationships the Revolution always undermines the only thing he truly values, love—embodied in an intimate relationship first with his wife, then with Lara. In the end the personal losses and sacrifices are so great that Yuri is literally heartsick. Does he die of a heart attack or of a broken heart Choose whichever interpretation you wish. The key issue here is that melodrama is the fundamental layer in biographical, sports, war, gangster, and epic films. 

Nikolai Dimitrievich Zelinski (1861-1953) was born in Moldavia. He was a professor of chemistry at the University of Moscow. In 1911, he left the university to protest the firing of the entire administration by the Ministry of Education. He went to St. Petersburg, where he directed the laboratory of the Ministry of Finances. In 1917, after the Russian Revolution, he returned to the University of Moscow. 

I Ilya Prigogine (1917-2003). Ilya Prigogine was born in Moscow in 1917. His family moved to Germany to escape the Russian revolution and subsequently moved to Belgium. He studied at the Universite Libre in Brussels and remained there as a faculty member to conduct research on nonequilibrium thermodynamics. He was also associated with the University of Texas, which found a unique way to mark his receiving the Nobel Prize a tower on the Texas campus is illuminated when one of the university s sports teams wins a championship. It was also illuminated at the time of the announcement of his Nobel Prize. 

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