Runoff seasonal

MBls happened mainly during seasons characterized by lower runoff. Seasons identified by higher runoff have generally no MBI. Investigations by Schinke (1996) and Matthaus and... 

The value estimated by this way for the overall freshwater DOC concentration is 380 pmol/l C and DOC concentration is reduced by mixing the freshwater inflows with the brackish water of the Baltic Sea by approximately 7.8 pmol/l C, if the salinity increases by 1 psu. It should be kept in mind that this estimate of the freshwater DOC concentration does not take into account any variability of riverine runoff, seasonal variability of DOC concentrations in the inflowing freshwater or atmospheric precipitation, which is thought to be essentially free of natural organic compounds. Using this correlation, time series data for DOC can be corrected for the background concentration as well as for the variability caused by salinity changes. For example, a corrected time series of DOC in the surface layer of station 271 is shown in Fig. 12.17. 

Because it depends on a number of conditions that are themselves inherently variable, runoff tends to vary even more than precipitation, particularly over time. Seasonal runoff patterns depend largely on latitude and altitude of the watershed, due to the importance of snowmelt in runoff peaks. In high-latitude basins or those with significant high-altitude contribut-... 

Water resources decision making in many areas, particularly arid and semi-arid climates such as the American West, depends on interannual to decadal variations in surface water availability. In addition to more predictable seasonal differences, runoff tends to exhibit long-term trends alternating between flood and drought periods. Figure 6-10 shows historical wet and dry periods based on streamflow records for 50 world rivers. For the most part, these periods are consistent on a regional basis, though they appear to alternate on a hemispheric scale. 

The dominant supply of U to the oceans is from the continents by river runoff Palmer and Edmond (1993) measured dissolved U concentrations in a number of rivers and summarized existing literature to arrive at a total flux close to that of Cochran (1992) of 11 X 10 g/year. This flux is uncertain by about 35% due to inadequate sampling of rivers with large seasonal cycles (Palmer and Edmond 1993). 

This runoff figure was then used to calculate the amount of CGA-72662 that could enter the EXAMS aquatic environments due to runoff during one season. 

Runoff, which changes greatly in different seasons and years, is one of the key factors influencing flux s calculation. So, exact calculation needs long-term, dynamic and synchronic hydrologic data. 

Besides, publications of rivers runoff and ratio in wet and dry season are usually out of data or average values, which have been changed greatly by human in past decades. To this day, we can t get exact runoff data for different departments data share difficulty. 

In the Asian region with prevalent monsoon climate and heavy rain events during rain seasons, surface runoff plays the most important role in the environmental pathways of many pesticides. The major factors influencing the amount of pesticides carried away by runoff are as follows (Richter, 1999) ... 

In this study a series of surface water and deep soil samples were analyzed to detect ai migration or runoff of waste pesticides from typical Chemical Control Centers. Entomological evaluation of soil biota and monitoring of dermal exposure to pesticides of mlxer-appllcators took place throughout the 1980 season. No adverse effects as a result of the Chemical Control Centers were detected. 

Fig. 13 Average seasonal course (1982-2000) of the main water balance elements in the alpine Dischma catchment simulated with PREVAH and the EMA snowmelt module. P areal precipitation, R runoff, ET evapotranspiration and SN M snowmelt [82]...

Fig. 19 Spatial representation of low water seasonality for selected runoff measurement stations [85]...

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