Rubidium bromide chloride

M. le Blanc gave the refractive indices of solii. of potassium and rubidium bromides as 1 5593 and 1 5533 respectively, when the densities are 2"738 and 3 314 respectively. Hence the refraction eq. of potassium bromide by Gladstone and Dale s formula is therefore 24 32 and by Lorentz and Lorenz s formula 14-05 the corresponding values for rubidium bromide are27"62 and 15"98. The mol. refractions of potassium bromide in soln. by the two formulae are respectively 25"11 and 14 70 and of rubidium bromide in soln., 27 85 and 16 33. The mol. refractions of these salts are therefore greater in soln. than in the solid form. Crystals of potassium bromide, says H. Marbuch, exhibit optical activity. A. S. Newcomer found that sodium chloride was the only salt relatively soluble and yet capable of emitting fluorescent rays in the mid-ultra-violet region of the spectrum under the influence of X-rays. 

Rubidium bromide, RbBr.—The methods for the formation of the bromide are similar to those employed for the production of rubidium chloride. The salt is colourless, crystallizes in cubes, and is stated to melt at 681° C.14 and 683° C.,1S and to boil at 1350° C.16 The vapour-pressure in atmospheres is given by the expression 16... 

RbBr rubidium bromide 7789-39-1 gas 10.900 1 4424 SnCI4 stannic chloride 7646-78-8 gas 0.000 1... 

HBrpoiid+NaOHsoiid=N aBrpoiid+H20aoiid+34 Cals., and for potassium hydroxide, 41 7 Cals. Potassium bromide is nearly twice as soluble as the corresponding chloride in water at 0°. A. von Weinberg obtained 150 1 Cals, for the heat of dissociation of lithium bromide 140 1 Cals, for sodium bromide 144 2 Cals, for potassium bromide 145 0 Cals, for rubidium bromide and 145 8 for caesium bromide. 

Te Caesium Bromide Te Potassium Bromide Te Rubidium Bromide Te Caesium Chloride Te Rubidium Chloride... 

RbBr Rubidium bromide Rubidium(I) bromide 8. AICI3 Aluminum trichloride Aluminum(lII) chloride ... 

Clusius K, Goldmann J, Perlick A (1949) Low- temperature research. VII. The specific heat of the alkali halides lithium fluoride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, rubidium bromide, and rubidium iodide between 10° and 273° abs. Z Naturforsch 4a 424—432... 

Rubidium metal alloys with the other alkaU metals, the alkaline-earth metals, antimony, bismuth, gold, and mercury. Rubidium forms double haUde salts with antimony, bismuth, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, thorium, and 2iac. These complexes are generally water iasoluble and not hygroscopic. The soluble mbidium compounds are acetate, bromide, carbonate, chloride, chromate, fluoride, formate, hydroxide, iodide. 

Systematizing these results, we see that both in Fig. 72 and in Fig. 73, if we follow tho succession of curves from top to bottom, we go from ions of dissimilar character to ions of similar character in Fig. 73 we go down to Li+ and (Oil)", both strong order-producing ions, while in Fig. 72 we go down to Cs+ and Br", both strong order-destroying ions. If the same rule—from dissimilar character downward to similar character— is to be applied to the rubidium and cesium halides, the order I, Br, Cl, F, will clearly have to be reversed, in order that Rbl and Csl shall be the lowest in each case. It has been known for several years that such an inversion exists. Table 40, compiled by Robinson and Harned, shows the order observed in the whole set of iodides, bromides, and chlorides. It will be seen that, for RbCl, RbBr, and Rbl, and likewise for CsCl, CsBr, and Rbl, the observed order is opposite to that found for the other alkali halides. Hitherto this inversion has been regarded as mysterious. But it falls in line with the facts depicted in Fig. 72,... 

Pt(II) compound reactivation, 37 201 Pt(IV) compound reduction, 37 201 rate-determining step, 37 199-201 tetrachloride, 4 187-188 tetracyanide anions, as one-dimensional electrical conductors, 26 235-268 anion-deficient structures anhydrous compounds, 26 252-254 dimerization, 26 249-251 hydrated derivatives, 26 245-252 physics, 26 260-263 with potassium bromide, 26 248-249 with rubidium chloride, 26 249-250 cation-deficient compounds, 26 244, 254-256... 

Dihydroxo-diaquo-diammino-chromic Chloride, [Cr(NH3), (H20)2(OH)2]Cl, is formed by the addition of ammonia or pyridine to an aqueous solution of tetraquo-diammino-chloride, or saturating an aqueous acetic acid solution with rubidium chloride. It forms light red violet crystals which are insoluble in water. The iodide is obtained from the bromide on addition of potassium iodide to a dilute acetic acid solution of the salt as a light red violet precipitate. The thiocyanate, [Cr(NH3)2(H20)2(OH)2]SCN, is amorphous, and is prepared from the bromide by dissolving in aqueous acetic acid and adding potassium thiocyanate. 

Uses Of the Stassfurt salts.—The magnesium compounds in the Stassfurt salts are used for the preparation of magnesium and of its salts. The potash salts are an essential constituent of many fertilizers used in agriculture, etc. 22 and potassium chloride is the starting-point for the manufacture of the many different kinds of potassium salts used in commerce—carbonate, hydroxide, nitrate, chlorate, chromate, alum, ferrocyanide, cyanide, iodide, bromide, etc. Chlorine and bromine are extracted by electrolysis and other processes from the mother liquids obtained in the purification of the potash salts. Boric acid and borax are prepared from boracite. Caesium and rubidium are recovered from the crude carnallite and sylvite. 

The solubility of sodium chloride in aq. acetone at 20° falls to 27"18 with 10 c.c. of acetone per 100 c.c. of solvent to 0 25 with 90 c.c. of acetone per 100 c.c. of solvent at 0°, 100 grms. of acetone dissolve 4"6 grms. of lithium chloride, and at 58°, 214 grms., so that the solubility is diminished by a rise of temp. The solubility of potassium in aq. soln. of acetone increases from almost zero with 100 per cent, acetone at 20° to 8"46 with 50 per cent, acetone and to 21 "38 with 20 per cent, acetone. At 30°, 100 grms. of a soln. with 696 per cent, acetone carries 23 42 per cent, potassium chloride and the remainder is water 8"06 per cent, of this salt is present in a soln. with 45 98 per cent, acetone and 0-13 per cent, of this salt in a soln. with 89"88 per cent, of acetone. At 40°, a soln. with 15"75 per cent, acetone carries 21 "28 per cent, of potassium chloride and with 79"34 per cent, of acetone there is 0"58 per cent, of potassium chloride. At 40°, therefore, for cone, of acetone between 20 and 80 per cent., the sat. soln. separates into two layers the upper layer has 55 2 per cent, water, 31 "82 acetone, and 12"99 KC1, when the lower layer has 28"14 per cent, water, 69 42 acetone, and 2"44 KC1. Similarly, when the upper layer has water, acetone, and potassium chloride in the respective ratio 46 49, 45"34, and 8 17 the lower layer has 38 68, 56"17, and 5 25. The separation into two layers with sat. soln. of potassium chloride containing 26 per cent, acetone, occurs at 46"5° and the temp, of separation with other proportions of acetone is indicated in Fig. 22. C. E. Linebarger (1892) and J. E. Snell (1898) 34 found the phenomenon also occurs with the chlorides of lithium, ammonium, sodium, rubidium, calcium, strontium, cobalt, and many other radicles also with bromides, sulphates, cyanides, and numerous other salts with aq. acetone,... 

The reported specific gravity of ammonium iodide 3 ranges from H. G. F. Schroder s 2 443 to H. Schifi and U. Monsacchi s 2"5168 (15°). The best representative value may be taken as 2-511. The molecular volumes of the ammonium halides come between those of rubidium and caesium halides for example, ammonium chloride, 34-01 ammonium bromide, 39 62 ammonium iodide, 57 51. W. Biltz has also studied the mol. vol. of this salt. 

Table II. Standard Enthalpies of Solution in kj mol-1 Tetra-n-propylammonium Bromide, of Rubidium Chloride, and...

Figure 1. Excess enthalpies of solution AH E(sol.) of some tet-raalkylammonium bromides, rubidium chloride, and urea in mixtures of N,N-dimethylformamide and water as a function of the mole fraction of water, XH2o > n-Bu4NBr O, n-...

Arsenic triiodide also dissolves, the saturated solution at 15° C. having density 3-661. Other soluble halides are potassium bromide, anhydrous ferric and aluminium chlorides 6 and tetramethyl ammonium iodide but the iodides of rubidium, cadmium, manganese and cobalt, also mercuric and stannic iodides, and cobalt and stannic bromides, are insoluble or only very slightly soluble in arsenic tribromide. The liquid also dissolves phosphoryl bromide and, very slightly, ammonium thiocyanate. In the mixed solutions of halides, the components may react chemically (cf. p. 106), but such is not always the case for example, with antimony tribromide a continuous series of solid solutions is formed.7... 

In its solutions in liquid NIL. cesium is like the other alkali metals, a powerful reducing agent, so that in such solutions, titrations of cesium poly sulfide with cesium are made by eleclrumeiric methods. The solubility of cesium salts in liquid NHi increases markedly with the radius of an anion (the chloride. CsCI. 0.0227 moles per kg. the bromide. CsBr, 0.215 moles per kg. and the iodide. Csl. 5.84 moles per kg), though the values are less than for the corresponding rubidium compounds. 

IONIC CRYSTAL. A crystal ihut consists effectively of ions bound lugclher by Iheir electrostatic attraction. Examples of such crystals are the alkali halides, including potassium fluoride, potassium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, sodium fluoride, and the other combinations of sodium, cesium, rubidium or lithium ions with fluoride, chloride, bromide or iodide ions. Many other types of ionic crystals are known,... 

Fig. 1. Simultaneous separation and detection of anions and cations on a latex agglomerate column. Column Dionex HPIC-CS5 cation exchange column (250X2 mm) with precolumn HPIC-CG5 (50 X 4 mm) eluent 0.5 mM copper sulfate, pH 5. 62 flow rate 0.5 ml/min sample volume 20 gl containing 0.1 m M of each ion detection two potentiomet-ric detectors equipped with different ion-selective electrodes in series. Peaks (1) chloroacetate, (2) chloride, (3) nitrite, (4) benzoate, (5) cyanate, (6) bromide, (7) nitrate, (8) sodium, (9) ammonium, (10) potassium, (11) rubidium, (12) cesium, (13) thallium. Reprinted with permission from [10].

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