Rubbers reinforcing fillers

A colloidal clay used as a thickener in latex compounding and as a filler in dry rubber compounding the reaction of bentonite with amines has produced several useful rubber reinforcing fillers. 

Rubber Reinforcing filler in tires and mechanical rubber components... 

Precipitated sihca is an eflective rubber reinforcing filler and can be used to replace carbon black when non-black rubber compounds are required. Precipitated silica is used as a reinforcing aid in butyl caulks and tapes... 

Room temperature vulcanising silicone rubbers (r. t. v. rubbers) have proved of considerable value where elaborate processing equipment is not available. These rubbers are low molecular weight silicones with reactive end-groups and loaded with reinforcing fillers. The RTV silicone rubbers may be classified into two types ... 

Most elastomers require reinforcing fillers to function effectively, and NMR has been used to characterize the structures of such composites as well. Examples are the adsorption of chains onto filler surfaces [275], the immobilization of these chains into "bound rubber" [276], and the imaging of the filler itself [277]. 

A filler which is added to a rubber with the sole object of cheapening the compound. See Reinforcing Fillers. 

A compounding ingredient added to rubber for the purpose of either reinforcing or cheapening the compound. See Reinforcing Filler and Extending Filler. 

An organic material which occurs in the woody tissues of plants. It is a by-product in the preparation of cellulose for the manufacture of paper, rayon and the cellulose plastics, and its use has been proposed as a reinforcing filler for rubber. 

MgC03 is used as a reinforcing filler for white and light-coloured rubber stocks. Certain types have almost the same refractive index as rubber and are therefore useful in making transparent and translucent vulcanisates. 

Calcium silicate, sodium aluminium silicate and treated varieties of aluminium silicate used as reinforcing fillers in rubber compounding. Silicone Rubber... 

Nanocarbon composites can be broadly divided into three kinds, each with some possible subdivisions. Examples of these composites and their schematic representations are presented in Fig. 8.1. The first type corresponds to composites where the nanocarbon is used as a filler added to a polymer matrix analogous, for example, to rubber reinforced with carbon black (CB). The second consists of hierarchical composites with both macroscopic fibers and nanocarbon in a polymer, such as a carbon fiber laminate with CNTs dispersed in the epoxy matrix. The third type is macroscopic fibers based... 

A typical tire rubber formulation for tire tread will contain various rubbers, mainly styrene-butadiene (50%) and cA-polybutadiene (12%), various processing aids (2%), softeners (3%), vulcanizing agent (mainly sulfur 1%), accelerators, and reinforcing filler (namely carbon black 30%) so that by bulk, carbon black is the second most used material. 

Clays. Clay, which is generally considered a mild reinforcing filler, is used sparingly in tires. It is most often used in white sidewalls or in low performance tires. Clay tonnage in tires woddwide is estimated at 36,0001 annually. Clay can also be coupled to rubber with silanes, and this is the more popular version used in tires. Even with silane coupling, days are still a weak reinforcing filler compared to both carbon black and silica. 

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