Fillers reinforcement of rubber

Smith A P, Aybar T L, Magee R W, Herd C R. Filler Reinforcement of Rubber, 14lh September 2004, Proceedings, p 11. 

The subject of filler reinforcement of rubbers has been an area of interest to the rubber industry for more than a century. Various models had been proposed in the past to explain the filler reinforcement in vulcanized rubber. The use of modern finite element analysis (FEA) and various mathematical models have made further progress to understand the mechanisms of reinforcement in filled vulcanized rubber. But this does not imply that a complete understanding of the subject has been achieved. The detailed effects of filler properties such as surface area and shape on the filler reinforcement are still not completely understood. A detailed understanding of the filler reinforcement should provide an insight into the increase in modulus and strength. 

Study the effect of particle shape on the filler reinforcement of rubber vulcanizates, using the model polymeric fillers described above,... 

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