Rubber nanocomposites rheology

Understanding the melt rheology of rubber nanocomposites is crucial from the processing perspective. Bandyopadhyay et al. [37] have studied the melt flow behavior of rubber-silica hybrid nanocomposites in a capillary rheometer. 

Effects of Fillers on Rheological Properties of Rubber and Rubber Nanocomposites.785... 

EFFECTS OF FILLERS ON RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF RUBBER AND RUBBER NANOCOMPOSITES... 

As reported in Section 23.3, research on rubber nanocomposites has remarkably increased over the last decades, both in the academic and industrial worlds. Nanofillers bring about appreciable improvements of the following properties of a rubber matrix mechanical, rheological, barrier, thermal, degradation, flame resistance. 

Abstract This chapter describes the influence of three-dimensional nanofillers used in elastomers on the nonlinear viscoelastic properties. In particular, this part focuses and investigates the most important three-dimensional nanoparticles, which are used to produce rubber nanocomposites. The rheological and the dynamic mechanical properties of elastomeric polymers, reinforced with spherical nanoparticles, like POSS, titanium dioxide and nanosdica, were described. These (3D) nanofillers in are used polymeric matrices, to create new, improved rubber nanocomposites, and these affect many of the system s parameters (mechanical, chemical, physical) in comparison with conventional composites. The distribution of the nanosized fillers and interaction between nanofUler-nanofiUer and nanofiller-matrix, in nanocomposite systems, is crucial for understanding their behavior under dynamic-mechanical conditions. 

In this chapter, the rheology and the dynamic-mechanical behavior of iso-dimensional rubber nanocomposites in the non-linear zone have been reviewed. Briefly described were the effect of nanofiller on the nonlinear viscoelastic properties of rubbers and the mechanism of nonlinearity in these polymeric systems. 

The rheological properties, especially the dynamic-mechanical properties, can be very useful in predicting the dispersion of the nanofiller. In rubber nanocomposites, the observed Payne effect can be correlated with microscopic investigation, and often both these characteristics are consistent. 

Thomas P, Jose ET, George G, Thomas S, Joseph K (2013) Dynamic mechanical and rheological properties of nitrile rubber nanocomposites based on Ti02, Ca3(P04)2 and layered silicate J Compos Mater 1... 

For better performance the fillers must have good interfacial interaction with the rubber medium. This is a matter of great importance and Sadasivuni and Grohens have addressed the nonlinear viscoelasticity of mbber reinforced nanoplatelets based on such molecular interactions existing in the system. The filler-filler and filler-rubber interactions are studied with the help of rheology and certain theories. For this the nonlinear stress response of rubbers and its composites to an applied strain is noted and it is found that the 2D filler particles increase the level of viscometric properties. Here in this chapter the readers will get a basic knowledge about an important behavior of rubber nanocomposites which is known as Payne effect. 

Chapter 4 investigates the rheological and the dynamic mechanical properties of rubber nanocomposites filled with spherical nanoparticles, like POSS, titanium dioxide, and nanosilica. Here also the crucial parameter of interfacial interaction in nanocomposite systems under dynamic-mechanical conditions is discussed. After discussing about filled mono-matrix medium in the first three chapters, the next chapter gives information about the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of rubber-rubber blend composites and nanocomposites with fillers of different particle size. Here in Chap. 5 we can observe a wide discussion about the influence of filler geometry, distribution, size, and filler loading on the dynamic viscoelastic behavior. These specific surface area and the surface structural features of the fillers influence the Payne effect as well. The authors explain the addition of spherical or near-spherical filler particles always increase the level of both the linear and the nonlinear viscoelastic properties whereas the addition of high-aspect-ratio, fiberlike fillers increase the elasticity as well as the viscosity. 

Rubber-based nanocomposites were also prepared from different nanofillers (other than nanoclays) like nanosilica etc. Bandyopadhyay et al. investigated the melt rheological behavior of ACM/silica and ENR/silica hybrid nanocomposites in a capillary rheometer [104]. TEOS was used as the precursor for silica. Both the rubbers were filled with 10, 30 and 50 wt% of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). The shear viscosity showed marginal increment, even at higher nanosilica loading, for the rubber/silica nanocomposites. All the compositions displayed pseudoplastic behavior and obeyed the power law model within the experimental conditions. The... 

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