Rouse sequence

The left-hand side represents the viscous force, the parameter Cr designates the friction coefficient per bead. On the right-hand side we have the elastic forces originating from the adjacent beads, which are located at the positions r/ i and r/4.1. The force constant 6r of the springs depends on the mean squared end-to-end distances of the Rouse-sequences, a, and follows from Eq. (6.21) as... 

The result includes the size ap of the Rouse-sequences and therefore a quantity with a freedom of choice. This arbitrariness can be removed. Since... 

The shortest relaxation time in the Rouse-spectrum depends on the choice of the Rouse-sequence and follows, for m = Vr —1, from Eqs. (6.28) and (6.38)... 

The Rouse-model has also intrinsic limitations at short times. According to Eq. (6.76), the unrelaxed modulus is determined by the number density of Rouse-sequences, cr, since we find... 

With respect to the screening of hydrodynamic interactions, one is confronted with the occurrence of a multiple-transition behavior. Instead of the expected crossover from ordinary (unscreened) Zimm to enhanced Rouse relaxation, one observes, at increasing concentrations, additional transitions from enhanced Rouse to screened Zimm and from screened Zimm to enhanced Rouse relaxation. This sequence of crossover effects are highly indicative of an incomplete screening of hydrodynamic interactions. 

Nemeth-Cawley, J.F., Tangarone, B.S., Rouse, J.C. (2003). Top Down characterization is a complementary technique to peptide sequencing for identifying protein species in complex mixtures. J. Proteome Res. 2, 495-505. 

J. R. Glenney Jr. and D. Soppet. Sequence and expression of caveolin, a protein component of caveolae plasma membrane domains phosphorylated on tyrosine in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed fibroblasts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89 10517— 10521 (1992). 

It is important to highlight that c-Src or cellular Src behaves as described above however there is a second form of Src termed v-Src or viral Src. v-Src was originally discovered as a component of the Rous Sarcoma virus, which causes cancer in chickens. The sequences of c-Src and v-Src are nearly identical. The major difference in the two proteins occurs in the C-terminal tail. While c-Src is regulated through phosphorylation of the C-terminus, v-Src has no C-terminal phosphorylation site and therefore is constitutively active and unregulated. 

The Rouse-Bueche model (97,98) replaces the real molecule of n main chain atoms by a mechanical chain of N +1 beads joined in sequence by N linear springs. The frictional interactions with the medium, which are distributed uniformly along the length of the real molecule to give a molecular frictional coefficient n(0, ate concentrated at regular intervals in the beads. The frictional... 

In an attempt to identify other DNA sequences that function similarly in nuclear import to the SV40 enhancer, we tested several unrelated viral promoters and enhancers that have been shown to drive substantial gene expression in vivo. The long terminal repeat (LTR) promoters from Rous Sarcoma and Moloney Murine Leukemia retroviruses were unable to cause the nuclear localization of pBR322 DNA. This is not surprising since it has been shown that these retroviruses can replicate only in cells that are... 

R(. = r(. r. j is the end-to-end vector of Kuhn segment i and A.. is the Rouse matrix that couples the beads together through the spring force interactions. The spring force coefficient for a single spring in the sequence will be simply NK times the... 

The first successful experience that used oligonucleotides to inhibit gene expression and virus replication was presented by Zamecnik and Stephenson in 1978 (24). They synthesized a 13-mer oligodeoxynucleotide complementary to the 5 and 3 reiterated terminal sequences of the Rous sarcoma virus 35S RNA and showed that exposure of infected fibroblasts to this oligomer led to a 99% decrease in reverse transcriptase activity in the medium, which also correlated with a decrease in cellular transformation, This study showed that such compounds may have a therapeutic advantage by specifically targeting genetic sequences that are critical to disease processes. 

Since the work of Zamecnik and Stephenson in 1978, showing that a synthetic 13-mer complementary to the 3 - and 5 -terminal sequences of the Rous Sarcoma Virus 35S was able to inhibit virus production in infected chick embryo fibroblast cells [77][78], numerous studies have been done to demonstrate that in vivo oligonucleotides can bind to their complementary sequences in mRNAs or DNA and subsequently act on the cellular machinery. The purpose of this section is to present briefly the potential interest of the platinated oligonucleotides in the context of the antisense and antigene strategies (for a comprehensive view of the antisense and antigene strategies, see [79-83] and references herein). 

The PSD MALDI spectrum of Des-Arg1 bradykinine, whose sequence is PPGF-SPFR. The starred peaks correspond to the loss of a 28 Da fragment. Reproduced (modified) from Rouse J.C., Yu W. and Martin S.A., J. Am. Mass Spectrom., 6, 822-835, 1996, with permission. 

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