Rounded data

We will discuss in Section 6D-3 how to round data such as the mean to retain only significant figures. 

In example 1 k is -1, which means that the HCB values will be rounded to the first digit after the decimal point, and the mercury values will be rounded to the fourth digit before the decimal point, because k is 4 in this case. The rounded data are listed in Table 4. 

Table 4. Rounded data for bream from 2002 (inorganic compounds in terms of dry weight organic compounds related to the fat contents of the musculature)...

The Hasse diagram constructed for the rounded data is depicted in Fig. 5B. As a consequence of the rounding, the number of levels increased from 1 to 2, the number of incomparabilities was reduced from 156 to 146. 

Fig. 6. Hasse diagram for 6 inorganic compounds A raw data B rounded data...

Column G is the column that rounds data to three digits so that it can be counted properly by Excel. You should copy and paste the function in column G so that every metric is rounded. If you have 1,000 reference sequences this would mean you would copy and paste the round function down to line 1001. 

The classical computer tomography (CT), including the medical one, has already been demonstrated its efficiency in many practical applications. At the same time, the request of the all-round survey of the object, which is usually unattainable, makes it important to find alternative approaches with less rigid restrictions to the number of projections and accessible views for observation. In the last time, it was understood that one effective way to withstand the extreme lack of data is to introduce a priori knowledge based upon classical inverse theory (including Maximum Entropy Method (MEM)) of the solution of ill-posed problems [1-6]. As shown in [6] for objects with binary structure, the necessary number of projections to get the quality of image restoration compared to that of CT using multistep reconstruction (MSR) method did not exceed seven and eould be reduced even further. 

In fig. 2 an ideal profile across a pipe is simulated. The unsharpness of the exposure rounds the edges. To detect these edges normally a differentiation is used. Edges are extrema in the second derivative. But a twofold numerical differentiation reduces the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of experimental data considerably. To avoid this a special filter procedure is used as known from Computerised Tomography (CT) /4/. This filter based on Fast Fourier transforms (1 dimensional FFT s) calculates a function like a second derivative based on the first derivative of the profile P (r) ... 

On entering SigmaPlot (we use version 5.0), one is presented with a data table that is essentially a spreadsheet. Enter T as the independent or A -variable into the first eolumn of the SigmaPlot data table and Cp/T as the dependent or y-variable into the second column. The SigmaPlot data table should resemble columns 1 and 3 of Table 1-3. Rounding to three significant figures is permissible. 

Smoothed data presented at rounded temperatures, such as are available in Tables 6.2 and 6.4, plus the C° values at 298 K listed in Table 6.1 and 6.3, are especially suitable for substitution in the foregoing parabolic equations. The use of such a parabolic fit is appropriate for interpolation, but data extrapolated outside the original temperature range should not be sought. 

Fig. 18. Jet trajectory of a round jet in bounded cross flow where J = Pj V j p (a) flow geometry, ratio of height of tunnel to diameter of injection tube HID) = 12 and (b) flow streamlines where the data points are experimental deterrninations and the lines correspond to calculated predictions for (—)...

The sound absorption of materials is frequency dependent most materials absorb more or less sound at some frequencies than at others. Sound absorption is usually measured in laboratories in 18 one-third octave frequency bands with center frequencies ranging from 100 to 5000 H2, but it is common practice to pubflsh only the data for the six octave band center frequencies from 125 to 4000 H2. SuppHers of acoustical products frequently report the noise reduction coefficient (NRC) for their materials. The NRC is the arithmetic mean of the absorption coefficients in the 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 H2 bands, rounded to the nearest multiple of 0.05. 

Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding. 

Ref. 2. Derived in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey. Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding. ... 

Previously published and 1994 data aie rounded off by the U.S. Bureau of Mines to three significant digits and may not add to totals shown. Table includes data available through July 5, 1995. 

Values converted and mostly rounded off from those of Goodwin, NBSIR 77-860, 1977. t = triple point c = critical point. The notation 3.O.—9 signifies 3.0 X 10 . Later tables for the same temperature range for saturation and for the superheat state from 0.1 to 1000 har, 85.5 to 600 K, were published by Younglove, B. A. and J. F. Ely, J. Fhys. Chem. Ref. Data, 16, 4 (1987) 685-721, but the lower temperature saturation tables contain some errors. 

Nsi,= LA. = 0.023Wi,"W[( D [E] Rounded approximation to include ripples. Includes solid-liquid mass-transfer data to find coefficient on Ns.- May use Use for liquids. See also Table 5-23. 

T] Check of 132 data points showed average deviation 14.6% from theory. Johnstone and Pig-ford [Ref. 105] correlation (5-22-D) has exponent on Nue rounded to 0.8. Assume gauze packing is completely wet. Thus, = a, to calculate Hq and Same approach may be used generally applicable to sheet-metal packings, but they will not be completely wet and need to estimate transfer area. 

Fairfield Engineering Co. data in U.S. customary system. Metric conversion is rounded off. For inclined conveyors, add lift liotnepower to center horsepower for total horsepower. For temrinals multiply horsepower hy the following factotn 0-50 ft (15.2 m), 1.20 51-100 ft (.30.5 m), 1.10 101-150 ft (45.7 m), 1.05. For countershaft drives, multiply horsepower hy 1.05 for each reduction (cut geatn). 

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