Roscoe Effect

Oxygen is not the only surface contaminant, but it is the most prevalent. Other frequent ones are sulfur (tarnish) and phosphorus. Sometimes a combination, such as chlorate (O + Cl), forms a layer. These effects are known collectively as the Roscoe Effect (Metzger and Read, 1958). 

Stansley, W. and D.E. Roscoe. 1996. The uptake and effects of lead in small mammals and frogs at a trap and skeet range. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 30 220-226. 

ZO079 Yamahara, ]., S. Hatakeyama, K. Taniguchi, M. Kawamura, and M. Yoshikawa. Stomachic principles in ginger. II. Pungent and anti-ulcer effects of low polar constituents isolated from ginger, the dried rhizoma of Zingiber officinale Roscoe, cultivated in Taiwan. The absolute stereostructure of a new diarylheptanoid. Yakugaku Zasshi 1992 112(9) 645-655. 

Z0211 Panthong, A., and P. Tejasen. Study of the effect and the mechanism of action of ginger Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on Z0222 motility of the intact intestine in dogs. 

Z0212 Hantrakul, M., and P. Tejason. Study Z0223 of the acute toxicity and cardiovascu-lar effects of ginger Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Thai J Pharm Sci 1976 1(6) Z0224... 

FIG. 4.11 The effect of particle crowding on viscosity. The solid line is drawn according to Equation (48) the points are experimental results. (Data from R. Roscoe, Br. J. Appl. Phys., 3, 267(1952).)... 

The purification and concentration of the acid can be effected by fractional distillation in a current of inert gas, or ozonized oxygen whereby 98 per cent. HN03 can be obtained and, by the low temp, redistillation of the cone, acid with its own vol. of cone, sulphuric acid, H. E. Roscoe obtained an acid of 99-5-99-8 per cent. HN03. The concentration of the acid by the fractional distillation of the acid with or without the addition of sulphuric acid was discussed by J. Pelouze, J. Dalton, J. Tiinnermann,... 

In the conventional formalism, as the p term does not appear, B L Jo. Now, in Roscoe s framework, as p 0, B is not perpendicular to the current flow, and therefore has a component in the direction of the current flow. It has been shown that the magnetization effects similar to the inverse Faraday effect (IFF) can be expected for appropriate polarization states of the transmitted radiation. Moreover, a massive vector boson can be constructed from the electromagnetic field so that it can be interpreted only as a nonzero mass photon. Here, the model suggested for photon can be interpreted as a bound system with discrete mass and frequency states. This may have important role in explaining redshift phenomena. 

The study of surface behavior is not of recent origin. In the 1920s, Joffe (1928) observed an increase in the ductility in the presence of water on solid potassium chloride. In 1930s, Roscoe (1926) published that the presence of oxides on certain metals, such as cadmium, produced a surface hardening effect. 

Waxweiler, R.J., R.J. Roscoe, and V.E. Archer. Secondary sex ratio of first-born offspring of U.S. uranium miners, pp. 37-50. In W.H. Weise, ed. Birth Effects in the Four Corners Area. Transcript of meeting held February 27, 1981, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, N.M. 

Waxweiler RJ, Roscoe RJ, Archer VE, et al. 1981b. In Wiese WH,ed. Birth effects in the Four Corners area. Transcript of Meeting Held February 27, 1981. Department Family, Community, and Energency Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico. 

Chapman and MacMahon found that small amounts of O2 inhibited the photosynthesis of HCl from H2 and CI2, in agreement with a much earlier observation by Bunsen and Roscoe . The inhibiting effect of O2 was found by Boden-stein and Dux to make the rate of HCl production inversely proportional to [O2]. These facts were confirmed by Chapman who found that HCl production followed the rate law... 

GINGER (Zin 0iber officinale Roscoe) has also shown beneficial effects in rheumatoid conditions. 

A further peculiarity which has been noticed in connection with photochemistry is the so-called period of induction, ie an initial period dunng which no reaction appears to take place, but at the conclusion of which the reaction pi ogresses ln a normal manner This was first observed by Bunsen and Roscoe m the union of hydrogen and chlorine It is really due to secondary effects either of a physical or chemical nature, and will be discussed later We may now pass on to consider some of the more important photo-phenomena in detail... 

This reaction was first thoroughly investigated by Bunsen and Roscoe in 1855 (Ostwald s Klassiker, 34 and 38) It had, of course, been the subject of earlier work, the most important conclusion of such work being the statement known as the Grotthus-Draper Absorption Law, vtz only those rays are effective which are absorbed Draper had also made the extremely interesting observation that chlonne which had been exposed to light had somewhat different properties from unexposed chlorine, in that the previously exposed chlonne reacted much more rapidly with... 

No maternal or fetal reproductive effects in humans have been attributed to exposure to radon and radon daughters. However, a decrease in the secondary sex ratio (males females) of the children of male underground miners may be related to exposure to radon and radon daughters (Dean 1981 Muller et al. 1967 Wiese and Skipper 1986). The secondary sex ratio of the first born children of uranium miners was decreased with cumulative exposure to radon and radon daughters in miners whose median age at the time of conception was less than 25 years of age but was increased with cumulative exposure to radon and radon daughters in miners whose median age at the time of conception was greater than 25 years of age (Waxweiler and Roscoe 1981). This age effect was also observed when the miners were analyzed according to race. 

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