Inverse Faraday effect

The inverse Faraday effect depends on the third Stokes parameter empirically in the received view [36], and is the archetypical magneto-optical effect in conventional Maxwell-Heaviside theory. This type of phenomenology directly contradicts U(l) gauge theory in the same way as argued already for the third Stokes parameter. In 0(3) electrodynamics, the paradox is circumvented by using the field equations (31) and (32). A self-consistent description [11-20] of the inverse Faraday effect is achieved by expanding Eq. (32) ... 

Here, p is the magnetic permeability of the material in which the inverse Faraday effect is observed. We can write Eq. (52) as... 

In the presence of matter (electrons and protons), the inhomogeneous field equation (32) can be expanded as given in Eqs. (52)-(54) and interprets the inverse Faraday effect self-consistently as argued already. Constitutive relations such as Eq. (55) must be used as in U(l) electrodynamics. 

The subject of 0(3) electrodynamics was initiated through the inference of the Bl]> field [11] from the inverse Faraday effect (IFF), which is the magnetization of matter using circularly polarized radiation [11-20]. The phenomenon of radiatively induced fermion resonance (RFR) was first inferred [15] as the resonance equivalent of the IFE. In this section, these two interrelated effects are reviewed and developed using 0(3) electrodynamics. The IFE has been observed several times empirically [15], and the term responsible for RFR was first observed empirically as a magnetization by van der Ziel et al. [37] as being proportional to the conjugate product x A multiplied by the Pauli matrix... 

There have been reports of the inverse Faraday effect that are predicted by non-Abelian electrodynamics. However, these reports are comparatively dated, and no updated results appear to have been reported. In 1998 the Varian... 

In the conventional formalism, as the p term does not appear, B L Jo. Now, in Roscoe s framework, as p 0, B is not perpendicular to the current flow, and therefore has a component in the direction of the current flow. It has been shown that the magnetization effects similar to the inverse Faraday effect (IFF) can be expected for appropriate polarization states of the transmitted radiation. Moreover, a massive vector boson can be constructed from the electromagnetic field so that it can be interpreted only as a nonzero mass photon. Here, the model suggested for photon can be interpreted as a bound system with discrete mass and frequency states. This may have important role in explaining redshift phenomena. 

The pump induced transient polarisation of the medium modifies the polarisation state of a time delayed probe pulse. Phenomenologically, this process can be regarded as a transient pump induced linear or circular birefringence, also called the Specular Optical Kerr Effect (SOKE) and the Specular Inverse Faraday Effect (SIFE) [18], These are cubic non-linear effects and are predicted to exist from symmetry arguments. Both effects consist of coherent and incoherent parts. For the coherent part, the pump drives the coherent electron-hole pair that affects the probe polarisation. The effect depends upon the probe phase relative to that of the electron-hole pair, and hence, that of the pump. For the incoherent part of the SIFE and the SOKE, the relative pump-probe phase is not important, since the probe pulse polarisation is modified by the pump induced sample polarisation that survives after the decoherence of the electron-hole pair. 

Pershan et al. observed a new effect, referred to as the inverse Faraday effect, consisting in the magnetization of a non-absorbing medium by a circularly polarized laser beam ... 

Apart from subtle exceptions, an isolated molecule differs from a molecule in a crystal in that the isolated molecule has no shape, whereas in a crystal it acquires shape, but loses its identity as an independent entity. This paradoxical situation is best understood through the famous Goldstone theorem, which for the present purpose is interpreted to state that any phase transition, or symmetry broken, is induced by a special interaction. When a molecule is introduced into an environment of other molecules of its own kind, a phase transition occurs as the molecule changes its ideal (gas) behaviour to suit the non-ideal conditions, created by the van der Waals interaction with its neighbours. An applied electric or magnetic field may induce another type of transformation due to polarization of the molecular charge density, which may cause alignment of the nuclei. When the field is switched off the inverse transformation happens and the structure disappears. The Faraday effect (6.2.3) is one example. 

A good introduction to electro- and magneto-optical effects can be found in the book by Harvey on Coherent Light [158]. The main effects and the relationship between them are indicated in table 4.1. Many atoms are readily produced as vapour columns, using standard laboratory methods [159]. The natural mode in which to conduct experiments on unperturbed free atoms is therefore in transmission. As table 4.1 emphasises (the reason is given below), the Faraday effect contains equivalent information to the Zeeman effect in transmission. Actually, what Harvey calls the Zeeman effect in transmission is usually referred to as the inverse Zeeman effect [160], to distinguish it from the Zeeman effect observed in emission.5... 

Several electrical scientists in the early part of the nineteenth century, influenced at least in part by their understanding of German natiirplnlosophie, expected forces of nature to be intimately connected to each other, and some of them spent extraordinary amounts of time looking for the relationship. One of these was a Dane, Hans Christian Oersted, who, after an exhaustive series of experiments, in 1820 found that electricity could indeed produce a magnetic effect. Further experiments by Michael Faraday demonstrated, in 1821, that by proper orientation of an electric current and a magnetic field it was possible to produce continuous motion in what soon would be called a motor. It took an additional ten frustrating years for him to prove what he instinctively felt to be true, that, in a fashion inverse to what... 

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