Risk assessment, principles

Arquiaga, M. C., Canter, L., Nelson, D. I. (1992). Risk Assessment Principles in Environmental Impact Studies. Environmental Professional, 14(3), 201-219. 

This book in not intended to provide in-depth guidance on basic risk assessment principles nor on fire and explosion protection engineering foundations or design practices. Several other excellent books are available on these subjects and some references to these are provided at the end of each chapter. 

The US-EPA staff paper from 2004 titled An Examination of EPA Risk Assessment Principles and Practices (US-EPA 2004) is a product of a US-EPA staff review of how risk assessment is conducted at the Agency. US-EPA assembled a group of risk assessment professionals from across US-EPA to examine US-EPA s risk assessment principles and practices and to prepare the paper. The staff paper presents an analysis of US-EPA s general risk assessment practices and provides comprehensive and detailed information on the practices employed. 

The US-EPA staff paper from 2004 titled An Examination of EPA Risk Assessment Principles and Practices (US-EPA 2004) provides comprehensive and detailed information on the... 

US-EPA. 2004. An examination of EPA risk assessment principles and practices. Staff paper prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency hy members of the risk assessment Task Force. EPA/lOO/B-04/001 March 2004. http //www.epa.gov/OSA/ratf.htm... 

Guidance to date supports the risk assessment principles for general chemical substances already published by the Commission (1996). Consequently, the risk characterisation simply involves a quantitative comparison of the outcome of the hazard/effects assessment with the exposure assessment. For human risk this involves the calculation of the TER (Toxicity Exposure Ratio) and comparing it with the MOS (Margin Of Safety). For environmental risk the PEC/PNEC ratio (Predicted Environmental Concentration versus the Predicted No-Effect Concentration) for the various environmental compartments. 

Fowles, J. and Dybing, E. (2003) Application of toxicological risk assessment principles to the chemical constituents of cigarette smoke. Tobacco Control, 12(4), 424-30. 

Fan, A. M., and L. W. Chang, eds. Toxicology and Risk Assessment Principles, Methods and Applications. New York Dekker, 1996. 

AIHA, Jayjock, M., J. Lynch and D. Nelson (2000). Risk Assessment Principles for the Industrial Hygienist, American Industrial Hygiene Association Press, Fairfax, VA, USA. 

Cicmanec, J.L., Dourson, M.L., Hertzberg, R.C. (1996). Noncancer risk assessment present and emerging issues. In Toxicology and Risk Assessment Principles, Methods, and Applications (A.M. Fan, L.W. Chang, eds), pp. 293-310. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY. 

Bartell SM (1996) Ecological/environmental risk assessment Principles and practices. In Kolluru R, Bartell SM, Stricoff S, and Pitblado R (eds.) Risk Assessment and Management Handbook for Environmental, Health, and Safety Professionals. New York McGraw-Hill. 

Haber LT, Dollarhide JS, Maier A, and Dourson ML (2001) Noncancer risk assessment Principles and practice in environmental and occupational settings. In Bingham E, Cohrssen E, and Powell CH (eds.) Fatty s Toxicology, 5th edn. New York Wiley. 

L. T. Haber, J. S. Dollarhide, A. Maier and M. L. Dourson, Noncancer Risk Assessment Principles and Practice in Environmental and Occupational Settings, Patty s Toxicology, 5(1), 169-232 (2001a). 

The risk assessment principles for Existing Substances are laid down in Commission... 

Purchase, I.F.H., 2000. Risk assessment. Principles and consequences. Pure and Applied Chemistry 72 (6), 1051-1056. 

Finally, the third principle of safety risk assessment is the necessity of extensive use of Domain Specific Expertise. The systematic risk based approach to any undertaking has been developed within Railtrack PLC (now Network Rail) and has become a nationwide Engineering Safety Management guidance adopted by LUL and the whole of UK railways. The following are the key risk assessment principles (RSSB, 2007) ... 

In the following paragraphs some methods useful to calculate PL, in full accordance with the risk assessment principles of ISO 12100, will be presented. In the first paragraph, an hybrid method ISO 13849-1—lEC 62061 will be presented. In the second paragraph, a table method covering all the phase necessary to perform the risk estimation for a general safety function of a SRP/CS will be shown. 

Vinnem, J.E. (2007). Offshore risk assessment principles, modelling and applications of QRA studies. Springer. 

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