Ecological/environmental risk assessment

Bartell SM (1996) Ecological/environmental risk assessment Principles and practices. In Kolluru R, Bartell SM, Stricoff S, and Pitblado R (eds.) Risk Assessment and Management Handbook for Environmental, Health, and Safety Professionals. New York McGraw-Hill. 

Barata C, Alanon P, Gutierrez-Alonso S, Riva MC, Fernandez C, Tarazona JV (2008) A Daphnia magna feeding bioassay as a cost effective and ecological relevant sublethal toxicity test for environmental risk assessment of toxic effluents. Sci Total Environ 405(l-3) 78-86... 

In broad terms risk assessments are carried out to examine the effects of an agent on humans (Health Risk Assessment) and ecosystems (Ecological Risk Assessment). Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) is the examination of risks resulting from technology that threaten ecosystems, animals and people. It includes human health risk assessments, ecological or ecotoxicological risk assessments, and specific industrial applications of risk assessment that examine end-points in people, biota or ecosystems. 

Smrchek, J. C, Zeeman, M. G. (1998). Assessing Risks to Ecological Systems from Chemicals, In P. Calow, (Ed.) Handbook of Environmental Risk Assessment and Management Oxford Blackwell Science, pp. 417—452. 

Schipper, C.A., Dubbeldam, M., Feist, S.W., Rietjens, I.M.C.M., Murk, A.J. (2008b). Cultivation of the heart urchin Echinocardium cordatum and validation of its use in marine toxicity testing for environmental risk assessment. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 364, 11-18. 

King DJ, Lyne RL, Girling A, Peterson DR, Stephenson R, Short D. 1996. Environmental risk assessment of petroleum substances the hydrocarbon block method. Report 96/52. Brussels Concawe, Petroleum Products Ecology Group. 

The subarea of risk assessment that deals with the effects of chemicals upon the environment is known as environmental risk assessment or ecological risk assessment. This subarea deals with effects on nonhuman species and entire ecological systems on landscape and regional scales. Risk assessment as applied to environmental toxicology is discussed extensively in Chapter 12. 

Suter, G.W. (1998) Retrospective assessment, ecoepidemiology and ecological monitoring. Handbook of Environmental Risk Assessment and Management, Calow, P. (ed.), pp. 170-217. Blackwell Science, Oxford. 

Ecological risk assessment and the human health risk assessment are the two related disciplines of which the environmental risk assessment is comprised. Both the ecological and the human health risk assessment, involves four steps ... 

The research trend is to combine human health risks and ecological environmental risks to establish comprehensive assessment for basin risk, including soil, air, and water quality, human and ecological health. 

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