Risk Assessment cancer mortality

Stern FB, Murthy LI, Beaumont JJ, et al Notification and risk assessment for bladder cancer of a cohort exposed to aromatic amines. III. Mortality among workers exposed to aromatic amines in the last 3-naphthylamine manufacturing facility in the United States. Occup Med27-.495-500, 1985... 

One mortality study of workers at a 4,4 -bipyridyl manufacturing plant using pyridine as a starting material showed a small non-significant excess of lung cancer mortality. This excess could not be attributed to specific chemical exposures within the plant, and it was not clear if the risk associated with pyridine exposure was specifically assessed. 

Depending on the purposes of a particular risk assessment, the risk may be expressed in different terms. Common measures include the number of additional cases of cancer, the percentage increase in cancer incidence, the number of additional cancer deaths, or the percentage increase in cancer mortality in a population. The loss of life expectancy in the population (in person-years) or the average loss of life expectancy per capita (in minutes, hours, or days) also are helpful measures, because the term life expectancy conveys the statistical nature of a risk. The number of working days lost (total per population, or average... 

Bliss, C.l. 1935b. The comparison of the dosage-mortality data. Ann. Appl. Bio. 22 307-333. Bogdanffy, M.S., R. Sarangapani, D.R. Plowchalk, A. Jarabek, and M.E. Andersen. 1999. A biologically based risk assessment for vinyl acetate-induced cancer and noncancer inhalation toxicity. Toxicol. Sci. 51(l) 19-35. 

Peto J, Seidman H, Selikoff IJ. 1982. Mesothelioma mortality in asbestos workers Implications for models of carcinogenesis and risk assessment. Br J Cancer 45 124-135. 

Crump, C., Crump, K., Hack, E., Luippold, R., Mundt, K., Liebig, E., Panko, J., Paustenbach, D., and Proctor, D. (2003). Dose-response and risk assessment of airborne hexavalent chromium and lung cancer mortality. Risk Anal 23(6), 1147-1163. 

Some pesticides have been found to be carcinogenic to laboratory animals. The mortality study is the tool used to assess the risk of cancer in humans exposed to these pesticides. 

In a 7-year study of more than 11,000 men and women in the U.S., the risk of death from cancer was 24% lower in women with a dietary vitamin C intake of more than 225mg/d than in women whose dietary intake was less than 155mg/d. No significant relationship between vitamin C intake and cancer morlahty was observed in men. In a study of 1556 men followed for 24 years, men with dietary vitamin C intakes higher than 113mg/d had a risk of death from cancer that was 39% lower than men with dietary vitamin C intakes lower than 82mg/d. " None of the four studies that directly assessed supplement use foimd significant associations between vitamin C supplements and overall cancer mortality. ... 

Blair et al. (1998) performed a retrospective cohort mortality study of 14 457 workers employed for at least one year between 1952 and 1956 at an aircraft maintenance facility in the United States. Among this cohort were 6737 workers who had been exposed to carbon tetrachloride (Stewart et al., 1991). The methods used for this study are described in greater detail in the monograph on dichloromethane. An extensive exposure assessment was performed to classify exposure to trichloroethylene quantitatively and to classify exposure (ever/never) to other chemicals qualitatively (Stewart et al., 1991). Risks from chemicals other than trichloroethylene w ere examined in a Poisson regression analysis of cancer incidence data. Among women, exposure to carbon tetrachloride was associated with an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (relative risk (RR), 3.3 95% CI,... 

---