Riots

The principal uses of CS ate ia riot control and training it has limited tactical use ia defensive military modes (17). 

The assessor should verify that there is a comprehensive formal system that specifies self-audits on a planned frequency. Over time, all areas should be audited. Results should be reported to maiiagemeiit with appropriate follow-up documented. Self-audits should be thorough, addressing all aspects of the area s fuiictioiis. Outsiders riot working in the specific audit area should be iiicluded ill the exercise for objectivity. 

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The ICS is designed to be used in response to emergencies caused by fires, floods, earthqu es, hurricanes, riots, hazardous materials, or other natural or human-caused incidents. 

Force majeure is an event, circumstances, or an effect that cannot be reasonably anticipated or controlled - often called an act of God, which includes natural disasters caused by weather and land movement. Force majeure also includes war, riots, air crash, labor stoppage, illness, disruption in utility supply by service providers, etc. There is some contradiction in this requirement as you can take effective action to maintain business continuity as a result of certain events that may be classified as force majeure or natural disasters. 

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The policy cover may be extended to include damage to assets from extra perils if the necessary additional premium is paid. These include storm damage, floodwater, burst water pipes or tanks, aircraft, riot, malicious damage or impact by mechanical vehicles. It is also possible to include an item to cover architects , surveyors and consultants fees and legal fees all incurred in the reinstatement of the property insured, as well as a sum to cover the costs of removing debris from the site before rebuilding can start. 

Note that in Regimes II and III, pair-creation of defects does riot take place rather the defect population gradually dwiridles by pair-annihilation during collisions. Numerical simulations suggest that the average number of defects decreases... 

An incapacitant is a chemical agent, which produces a temporary disabling condition that persists for hours to days after exposure to the agent has occurred (unlike that produced by riot control agents). Medical treatment while not essential may in some cases facilitate more rapid recovery. In the narrower sense the term has come to mean those agents that are ... 

The tear compounds (lachrymators) cause a flow of tears and irritation of the skin. Because tear compounds produce only transient casualties, they are widely used for training, riot control, and situations where long-term incapacitation is unacceptable. When used against poorly equipped guerrilla or revolutionary armies, these compounds have proved extremely effective. When released indoors, they can cause serious illness or death. 

The standard tear-producing agents currently in the US Army inventory for riot control are CS, CS1, CS2, CSX, and CR. The United States considers agent CN (popularly known as mace or tear gas) and its mixtures with various chemicals obsolete for military employment. This chapter includes these materials, however, for complete coverage of compounds with potential for use against US forces. This chapter also presents information regarding CN mixtures as an example of how agent properties can be tailored to the method of dissemination. 

Orthochlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) is the most commonly used irritant for riot control purposes. Chloracetophenone (CN) is also used in some countries for this purpose in spite of its higher toxicity. A newer agent is dibenzoxazepine (CR) with which there is little experience. Arsenical smokes (sternutators) have in the past been used on the battlefield. Apart from their lachrymatory action they also provoke other effects, e.g., bron-choconstriction and emesis, and are some times referred to as vomiting agents. 

CS was developed in the late 1950s as a riot control substance. It is a more potent irritant than chloroacetophenone, but is less incapacitating. In the late 1960s, stocks of CS replaced CN. Presently, the US Army uses CS for combat training and riot control purposes. 

Use Training and riot control limited tactical use in counter-... 

The effects of CN are long lasting and cumulative and may prolong the effects of CNS for weeks. Such a prolonged effect maybe undesirable for training and riot control. 

In 1974 the US Army approved the use of CR. CR has much greater irritating properties than CS and is about 5x more effective. In addition, CR is much less toxic than CS. CR is not used in its pure form (a yellow powder), but is dissolved in a solution of 80 parts of propylene glycol and 20 parts of water to form a 0.1% CR solution. It is used in solution as a riot control agent. 

Failure to meet this demand will result in extensive social evils such as poverty, starvation, unrest, epidemics, riots, andwars. 

Racial violence also was a factor in the late 1960s. One company eliminated both Newark, N.J. and Watts, Calif., from its list of possible locations because of the riots there. 

In determining the size of storage systems the possibility of strikes or major disasters, such as fires, earthquakes, or riots, that may cut off feed stocks for along period of time is not considered. The probability of such events occurring is not great enough to warrant the added expense that would be involved. If the disaster strikes only one plant, the raw material can usually be obtained from another source. 

Riot control/incapacitants, which cause extreme discomfort or mental confusion such as tear gas, chloroacetophenone (CN), or 3-quinuclidinylben-zilate (BZ). 

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