Rhizopus stolonifer

Other species such as Rhizopus arrhizus and Rhizopus stolonifer also produce some sulphone by oxidation of a sulphoxide, albeit in low yields (less than 10%)163. 

Rhizopus-soft rot is a threat in all postharvest situations including storage, marketing, and transport of crops. It causes soft rot of avocados, cassava, crucifers, pulses, yams, and sweet potatoes. This spoilage type is mainly caused by Rhizopus stolonifer and to a lesser extent by R. oryzae, Mucor piriformis, and Gilbertella persicaria (Dijksterhuis and Samson 2006). 

Alternaria sp Aspergillus niger Cladosporium herbarum Colletotrichum gossypii Fusarium sp Rhizopus stolonifer... 

Janthinellum yielded 2-chloro-4-amino-6-isopropylamino-5-triazine and Rhizopus stolonifer yielded 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-amino-5-triazine (Paris and Lewis, 1973). Atrazine was transformed by the culture Nocardia forming 2-chloro-4-amino-5-triazine (Giardina et al, 1980,1982). 

Li et al., 2006a] organs is often linked to the genetic diversity in resistance to gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) [Sbaghi et al., 1996 Borie et al., 2004] and decay caused by Rhizopus stolonifer [Sarig et al., 1997]. 

Sarig P, Zutkhi Y, Monjauze A, Lisker N, Ben-Arie R. 1997. Phytoalexin elicitation in grape berries and their susceptibility to Rhizopus stolonifer. Phys Molec Plant Path 50 337-347. 

Curry leaves have also been proven to be effective against Rhizopus stolonifer /i. stolonifervar. stolonifer] and Gloeosporium psidii [Colletotrichum coccodes] infecting guava (Dwivedi et al., 2002). Bay leaf has been used as a herbal medicine and has pharmaceutical activity which includes antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetes and anti-inflammatory effects (Guynot et al., 2003). 

Dwivedi, B.K., Pandey, R.C., Pandey, G., Pant, H.L. and Logani, R. (2002) Evaluation of angiospermic plant extracts against Rhizopus stolonifer and Cloeosporium psidii fungi of guava. Bioved 13(1/2), 129-134. 

In an alternate process, enantioselective microbial reduction of 6-oxobus-pirone (19, Fig. 18.6) to either (R)- and (.S )-6-hydroxybuspirone was described. About 150 microorganisms were screened for the enantioselective reduction of 19. Rhizopus stolonifer SC 13898, Rhizopus stolonifer SC 16199, Neuros-pora crassa SC 13816, Mucor racemosus SC 16198, and Pseudomonas putida SC 13817 gave >50% reaction yields and >95% ee s of (,S )-6-hydroxybuspi-rone. The yeast strains Hansenula polymorpha SC 13845 and Candida maltosa SC 16112 gave (R)-6-hydroxybuspirone in >60% reaction yield and >97% ee (Patel et aL, 2005). 

Phoma fimentF Rhizopus stolonifer Scopulariopsis brevicaulis Scopulariopsis fusca Talaromyces spp. Trichoderma spp. Trichoderma viride ... 

This is the most commonly used name for this micioorganism, but it has recently been reclassified as Beameria bassiam. In earlier literature it is referred to as Spomtrichumsulfiirescens. 1111 is the most commonly used name for this microorganism, but it has recently been reclassified as Rhizopus stolonifer. 

Steroidal sulfides are converted into optically active sulfoxides by Ca-lonectria decora [1052] and by Rhizopus stolonifer [1048]. Aspergillus niger transforms benzyl phenyl sulfide into optically active benzyl phenyl sulfoxide in 23% yield and into benzyl phenyl sulfone in 9% yield [1048]. 

Rhizopus stolonifer, Rhizopus oryzae A. alternata Trichothecium roseum Fusarium moniliforme... 

Fumaric acid is another organic acid produced by Rhizopus, in particular Rhizopus stolonifer. The presence of fumaric acid has also been found to arise from the addition of synthetic malic acid and is sometimes considered as an index of adulteration when confirmed by analysis of D-malic acid (not present in malic acid from natural sources) (Trifiro et al., 1997). 

EL-Ghaouth, A., Aral, J., Asselin, A., and Benhamou, N. 1992a. Antifungal activity of chitosan on post-harvest pathogens Induction of morphological and cytological alterations an Rhizopus stolonifer. Mycol. Res. 96, 769-779. 

Rhizopus stolonifer. the black bread mold, is also utilized in the commerical production of fu-maric acid and cortisone. Other species in the genus secrete assorted alcohols and acids as metabolic waste products. 

Both pectate-based culture filtrates and ripe strawberries, artificially inoculated with Rhizopus stolonifer, R. sexualis, Mucor piriformis, ox Aureobasidium pullulans, contained erado-poly-D-galacturonase and pectin esterase. Uninfected... 

---