Reverse impact resistance

All coatings had excellent adhesion and reverse impact resistance. OH// in mg KOH/g of resin. Pencil hardness (ASTM D-3363). 

Table 3. Reverse Impact Resistance of Baked Enamels...

Features Fast cure exc. resist, to polar soivs. superior abrasion resist., flexibility, reverse impact resist. good water resist., acid resist., base resist., adhesion, chem. resist., heat resist., impact str., weatherability ... 

If the situation could be reversed and a film former achieved with a hard sheath, the impact resistance would be phenomenal, for the soft cores would absorb energy while remaining intact. 

Diener (46) and Tsuchiya (47) have shown carboxyl-reactive nitrile liquids to have utility in both aqueous and non-aqueous anodic and cathodic electrodeposition systems aimed at primers and coatings. Excellent coating adhesion is demonstrated with advantages noted in moisture resistance and reverse impacts. Diener suggests an electrocoat system as a replacement for standard solvent-based primers used with aircraft adhesives. 

Impact resistance of epoxy coatings, as determined by a reverse Gardner impact test, is enhanced by liquid polymer addition independent of functional type. Again, these results are consistent with both unpigmented and pigmented model coatings. Although... 

Determine pendulum impact resistance of notched Izod impact, unnotched Izod impact, reversed notched Izod, Charpy impact strength also see D4812 Surface resistivity, volume resistivity Arc resistance... 

The basic difference between the latter type of resins and the alkyds is that they do not contain oil or oil-derived fatty acids which are otherwise an integral part of conventional baking alkyds. The absence of oil imparts a light colour to the resins and eliminates post-embrittlement caused by the oxidation of double bonds present in oils. Also, the elimination of long-chain fatty acids gives improved chemical resistance. A unique hardness-to-flexibility relationship with polyester resins made it possible to attain greater hardness with higher reverse impact than is possible with current systems. 

A measure of a sample s resistance to unnotched impact can be obtained by mounting notched specimens in the Izod configuration such that they are struck on the face opposite the notch, i.e., reversed Irom the normal mounting direction. The results obtained for unnotched impact resistance determined by reversing a notched beam do not always coincide with those determined directly for an unnotched beam. 

The applications of reverse engineering to orthopedics, such as the knee, hip, or spine implantation, are very challenging, partially due to the complex motions of the knees, hips, or spine. A proper function of these implants manufactured by reverse engineering requires them to sustain multiaxial statistic stresses and various modes of dynamic loads. They are also expected to have sufficient wear and impact resistance. Several institutes, such as ASTM International, originally known as American Society for Testing and Materials, have published various standards on the testing of these implants. For... 

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