Retrofit of heat exchange networks

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III. Heat/Process Integration Study Pinch analysis is well established for finding optimal utilities, heat transfer area, optimal fresh water consumption, minimum cooling water demand, reduced emissions targets and so on (Smith, 2005 Kemp, 2007). One application of pinch analysis to retrofitting the heat exchanger network of a crude... 

The best way to approach the retrofit synthesis of the heat-exchanger network is to model all five tasks simultaneously. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming model is usually formulated to accomplish this goal. 

If the capital cost of new heat transfer area is expressed in the form of Equation 18.6, then this will lead to poor retrofit projects. The problem with Equation 18.6 is that the optimization is likely to spread the new heat transfer area in the network in many locations, without incurring a cost penalty associated with the many modifications that would result. To ensure that new heat transfer area is not spread around throughout the existing heat exchanger network, a capital cost correlation should be used that is of the form ... 

This approach to heat exchanger network retrofit allows modifications to be introduced one at a time. In this way, the designer has control over the complexity of the network retrofit. At each stage, a suggested modification can be... 

Enforced matches. There are often some features of the heat exchanger network that the designer might wish to accept as fixed. This is often the case in retrofit. For example, a match between a hot and a cold stream might exist that is considered to be already appropriate or too expensive to change. If this is the case, then the part of the hot and cold stream involved in the enforced match should be left out of the analysis and added back in at the... 

Automatic design techniques of the heat exchanger network can increase dramatically the designer s productivity, making free more time to conceptual tasks. New techniques are available for retrofitting existing networks, as well as for guiding the implementation of heat intensification devices. 

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