Resultant attitude

The opening sentence needs qualification, for XPS, LEED, and AES give information averaged over many atomic distances. Nor are the substances examined usually catalysts. They are generally single crystals of metals, studied quite properly in their own right as surface systems. Whether or not the results, attitudes of mind, and models which emerge are of importance to catalysis requires proof. 

Under discussion are those phenomena where - on the level of the single person - a complex mixture of fluctuating rational considerations, professional activities and emotional preferences and motivations finally merge into one of relatively few well demarcated resultant attitudes. These attitudes may be in the field (later denoted as dimension ) of religion, politics, education, habitation, occupation, economic standard, consumer habits, family, sport, etc. A single "attitude may, for instance, find an expression in the form of a religious denomination, in a vote for a certain political party or in membership of a certain income class. 

The results of the review exercise described above confirmed that all shipyards do not have the same attitude towards quality. Whilst the results presented by most of the yards visited were reasonably consistent at 0.5 - 4.5 % repair rate regardless of NDE method, the results from other yards were less satisfactory. The exercise showed that in some yards repair rates were regularly in excess of 10% and that repair rates for radiography tended to be higher than those for ultrasonics. 

The attitude we adopt in this discussion is that only those chain segments in the middle of the chain possess sufficient regularity to crystallize. Hence we picture crystallization occurring from a mixture in which the concentration of crystallizable units is Xj and the concentration of solute or diluent is Xg. The effect of solute on the freezing (melting) point of a solvent is a well-known result T j, is lowered. Standard thermodynamic analysis yields the relationship... 

In describing the various mechanical properties of polymers in the last chapter, we took the attitude that we could make measurements on any time scale we chose, however long or short, and that such measurements were made in isothermal experiments. Most of the experimental results presented in Chap. 3 are representations of this sort. In that chapter we remarked several times that these figures were actually the result of reductions of data collected at different temperatures. Now let us discuss this technique our perspective, however, will be from the opposite direction taking an isothermal plot apart. 

The Japanese regulatory authority is the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW) and the Pharmaceutical and Medical Safety Bureau (PSMB) is responsible for the promulgation of national and international guidelines in the form of Notifications. Guidelines are available on the Internet web-site of the National Institute of Health and Science (http //www.nihs.go.jp). The MHW has not issued specific guidance on the development of chiral drugs, but has nonetheless responded to the enantiomer-versus-racemate scientific debate. The attitude of the MHW and its advisory body, the Central Pharmaceutical Affairs Council (CPAC) is discussed in two articles by Shindo and Caldwell published in 1991 and 1995 [17, 18]. The latter paper analyzes the results of a survey of the Japanese pharmaceutical industry which sought responses on chirality issues. 

A third reason is that Gibbs made no effort to promote or popularize his results. He seems to have been a solitary, self-contained, and self-sufficient thinker, confident in his ability, who worked at his own unhurried pace, neither needing nor wanting feedback from others. An attitude of detachment from the work of his students plus his own solitary habit of work is undoubtedly responsible for the fact that Gibbs founded no school or group of students to develop his ideas and exploit his discoveries. 

The continuous development of new materials has resulted in changing attitudes towards materials selection for corrosion control, and the range of materials now available can be gauged from the Materials Selector Review", which becomes considerably thicker each time it is updated. Plastics are replacing metals for a variety of applications and a recent application is the use of g.r.p. in place of metals for the construction of hulls of hovercrafts the corrosive action of the high velocity spray of sea-water is such that very few metals are capable of withstanding it and the use of g.r.p. represents the... 

No one could deny, of course, that it is one thing for a theory to make predictions of the existence of hitherto unknown elements and quite another for it to make successful, empirically verified predictions. But neither Maher nor Lipton—nor, so far as we can see, anyone else—cites any substantial evidence for the sceptical attitude of Mendeleev s fellow scientists in 1869 or 1871 and the only evidence they cite for the increased confidence in the theory as a result of the successful predictions is the award to Mendeleev of the Davy Medal in 1882-— and this, as we show in the next sub-section, turns out to be (worse than) unconvincing. 

Attitudes, assumptions, values and beliefs influence our thoughts and behaviour. Since these have been learned (see point above), the ways in which we think and behave are also the result of previous learning. 

As a consequence, much of the public has come to believe that most chemicals are hazardous. A recent poll by the Roper Organization revealed that two out of three American citizens expect a major chemical disaster, resulting in thousands of deaths, within the next 50 years. The poll also found that a high proportion of the public lacked confidence that industry would deal openly with them. A public attitude toward exposure to chemicals is developing that can be summed up by the words, "no risk." But, as a judge recently stated, "In the crowded conditions of modem life, even the most careful person cannot avoid creating some risks and accepting others. What one must not do, and what I think a careful person tries not to do, is to create a risk which is substantial." ... 

DEGRAD STABILjcIs Section 1.8.4 The analysis of stability reports often suffers from the fact that the data for each batch of product is scrutinized in isolation, which then results in a see-no-evil attitude if the numerical values are within specifications. The analyst is in a good position to first compare all results gained under one calibration (usually a day s worth of work) irrespective of the products/projects affected, and then also check the performance of the calibration samples against experience, see control charts, Section 1.8.4. In this way, any analytical bias of the day will stand out. For this purpose a change in format from a Time-on-Stability to a Calendar Time depiction is of help. 

From an energy perspective, forests are bank accounts that store the results of photosynthesis. When we cut and bum wood, we make withdrawals from these energy accounts. So long as we do not cut more rapidly than trees can replace themselves, forests represent a renewable energy resource. In the past, as well as in some parts of the world today, forests were harvested much more rapidly than they reproduced. Fortunately, attitudes about forest use are changing, and modem forestry practices make it possible to sustain this energy resource. 

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