Result-effective variable

The ET cover cannot be tested at every landfill site so it is necessary to extrapolate the results from sites of known performance to specific landfill sites. The factors that affect the hydrologic design of ET covers encompass several scientific disciplines and there are numerous interactions between factors. As a consequence, a comprehensive computer model is needed to evaluate the ET cover for a site.48 The model should effectively incorporate soil, plant, and climate variables, and include their interactions and the resultant effect on hydrology and water balance. An important function of the model is to simulate the variability of performance in response to climate variability and to evaluate cover response to extreme events. Because the expected life of the cover is decades, possibly centuries, the model should be capable of estimating long-term performance. In addition to a complete water balance, the model should be capable of estimating long-term plant biomass production, need for fertilizer, wind and water erosion, and possible loss of primary plant nutrients from the ecosystem. 

The effects of cannabis on memory was examined in numerous studies, and again the results are variable. For example, fewer words are recalled from a list by subjects administered cannabis compared to placebo, but no effects were seen on a verbal paired-associate learning (Abel 1971 Hooker and Jones 1987). 

Human perception of flavor occurs from the combined sensory responses elicited by the proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and Maillard reaction products in the food. Proteins Chapters 6, 10, 11, 12) and their constituents and sugars Chapter 12) are the primary effects of taste, whereas the lipids Chapters 5, 9) and Maillard products Chapter 4) effect primarily the sense of smell (olfaction). Therefore, when studying a particular food or when designing a new food, it is important to understand the structure-activity relationship of all the variables in the food. To this end, several powerful multivariate statistical techniques have been developed such as factor analysis Chapter 6) and partial least squares regression analysis Chapter 7), to relate a set of independent or "causative" variables to a set of dependent or "effect" variables. Statistical results obtained via these methods are valuable, since they will permit the food... 

Although the Ohio line operated successfully, transporting 7 million tons (6.3 million metric tons) of coal, some unexpected operating problems had to be resolved. Much investigation was conducted with variables, such as size consist and slurry concentration and the resultant effect on slurry stability. After 7 years of operation, the line was shut down in 1963, when the unit train concept resulted in much lower freight rates on signilicantly higher amount of coal movement. 

Table 4 gives the seven variables chosen as candidate factors with their assigned low and high levels. Table 1 provides the 12-run PB design used to identify which variables have significant effects on nisin and lactic acid production by L. lactis. Table 5 shows the resulting effects of the variables on the responses and the associated Lvalues and significant levels. 

The simplifications made in obtaining Eqs. (45) to (48) and Eq. (50) illustrate an approach that can be used for approximate results when certain variables appear in a form where relatively large changes in them have little effect on the final results. The variables appearing in Table 1 and following Eq. (44) are relatively independent of pipe diameter, and they are raised to a small power for the final determination of diameter. Thus, the final results qre not particu-... 

Species Effects. Another problem with racemization analyses of mollusc shell is that different mollusc species taken from the same deposit can vary considerably in the extent of racemization (20, 21). The variation in alleu/iso ratios again may be attributed to different types of stmctural proteins and to differing rates of diagenetic hydrolysis of these proteins, resulting in variable proportions of free amino acids, small peptides, and protein-bound amino acids (20). 

At the turn of the century. Dr. William B. Coley, a young surgeon in New York City, made the remarkable discovery that injection of live or inactivated pathogenic bacteria into patients with otherwise incurable cancers would oftentimes induce dramatic necrosis (a specific type of cell death) and regression of the tumors. Owing to a nmnber of factors including lack of standardization of the potency of the bacterial injections, toxic side effects, variability and sometimes total lack of effect, and the simultaneous advent of radiotherapy, these intriguing results were not followed up until much later. 

These results indicate that proton transfer occurs in the ratedetermining step and there is little carbon—carbon bond cleavage in the transition state. Clear-cut evidence for a two-step mechanism is supplied by Lynn and Bourns results of variable carbon-13 isotope effects in the decarboxylation of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in acetate buffers [249] (Table 22). Slow proton transfer occurs in the first step and C—C bond cleavage takes place in the second step. At high concentrations of the buffer base, the rate of reversal of the first step becomes comparable to the (relatively fast) rate of the second step and, consequently, the second step becomes partially rate-determining which causes a weak carbon isotope effect. The most reasonable structure of the intermediate is that of the sigma complex. 

From pilot plant results, determine variables—agitator speed, cooling/addition rate, seed amount and timing, effect of point of addition—which contribute to differences in chemical purity and physical attributes. 

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