Restriction of motion

Fig. 6.29 S(Q,t)/S(Q) measured at the IN15 on a 156 mg/mL apoferritin solution with 0.01 mM salt. Despite the paracrystalline order no permanent restriction of motion is present as indicated by the virtually full decay of the relaxation curve (Q=0.09 A ). (Reprinted with permission from [333]. Copyright 2003 Elsevier)...

Serious Injury—The classification for an occupational injury which includes all disabling work injuries and non-disabling work injuries as follows eye injuries requiring treatment by a physician, fractures, injuries requiring hospitalization, loss of consciousness, injuries requiring treatment by a doctor and injuries requiring restriction of motion or work, or assignment to another job. 

The second stage is the hydration of the gaseous ions, and is exothermic because of the attractive forces operating between the ions and the polar water molecules. There is an accompanying reduction in entropy, as the gas phase ions have their motions constrained to a particular volume (1 dm3) and the ions, as they are hydrated, cause the restriction of motion of a number of water molecules, leading to a further entropy reduction. 

So far we have not considered the influence of the constitution of the polymer main chain on the formation of the nematic phase. If the same mesogenic group is linked to different backbones, the nematic phase can be preserved, as shown for one example in Table 3. Owing to the different flexibilities of the backbones, the nematic state is shifted with respect to the temperature. With falling flexibility of the main chain, as indicated by the increasing glass transition temperature, the phase transformation temperatures nematic to isotropic are shifted towards higher temperatures. This clearly indicates that the restriction of motions, due to the polymer-fixation, directly reflects on the phase transformation temperature. If this restriction... 

Figure 15b shows a solid-state spectrum recorded under conditions such that only the mobile portions of the solid PDHS sample are observed. In this polymer (as previously indicated), the mobile portion of the sample consists of the locally disordered phase II and any amorphous material to the extent that it exists. The chemical-shift pattern for the carbons agrees very well with the solution spectrum (Figure 15a). Because carbon resonances are very sensitive to bond conformation (22), this result demonstrates that the phase II portion of the sample has the same average chain conformation as the polymer chains in solution. Although these NMR data permit a comparison of local bond conformations, they do not provide an indication of the more global chain dimensions. Figure 15b shows increased line widths for the carbons near the silicon backbone, with the C-1 resonance almost broadened into the baseline. This broadening reflects the severe restriction of motion near the backbone.

To obtain quahtative dynamic information, the usual approach involves the use of dynamic models that are based on physical intuition and/or the ease of the formulation. In this procedure, there is always the problem of overinterpretation of a limited data set and/or the possibility that the resulting physical picture is not unambiguous models can never be proven, just be ehminated. The so-called model-free approach completely describes the information on fast dynamic processes by just two parameters with model-independent significance, namely a generalized order parameter which is a measure of the spatial restriction of motion and an effective correlation time which is a measure of the rate of the motion. This model is reasonably well suited for the description of internal... 

Another factor which affects the reactivity of polymer molecules is that the reactants must be expected to achieve a particular geometrical relationship with respect to each other in order to form the excited complex from which reaction occurs. If mobility is severely restricted, this geometry may not be achievable within the lifetime of the excitation, and chemists not familiar with macromolecular reactions might assume that the restrictions of motion in the solid state would be so great that reaction would not occur at all. In fact, this is not the case, and there are many examples of photochemical reactions which are just as efficient in solid polymers as they are in dilute solutions of small-... 

Figures 5 and 6 illustrate the DSC and TGA curves of the PMMA and the prepared hybrid material, SilS, respectively. As shown in Figure 5, the Tg of PMMA is about 108°C but there is no observable Tg in the case of SilS. The disappearance of the Tg may be due to the restriction of motion of polymeric chain segments in the crosslinked structure of the prepared hybrid material. The incorporation of the silica segment into PMMA also raises the Tj from 251 C to...

R denotes restriction of motion within the bounds of physiologic motioa The involved joint does not have a full, fiee range of mo tion. The restriction involves one or more planes it most frequently involves the minor motions of ai given joint This restriction is found by motion-testing the joint in all planes. 

A second mnemonic has been proposed for the diagnostic criteria, S-T-A-R, by Dennis Dow-ling, DO. In this mnemonic, the S represents sensitivily. Tenderness is a response by the patient to palpation by the physiciam This occurs in tissue that should normally not be tender to palpatioa However, the sensitivity change may be experienced by the patient as numbness, paresthesia, or anesthesia, or other subjective sensatioa The T still represents tissue texture changes, the A, asymmetry, the R, restriction of motion, as in TART. This may be used if the student or physician finds it more helpfiil. 

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction may be caused by or may cause dysfunctions of the cervical spine. The neck must always be evaluated in cases of TMJ pain and restriction of motion. The sternocleidomastoid muscle is often involved in these dysfunctions along with the muscles of mastication. 

A total physical examination was performed that elicited no changes from the normal in any other system than the low back region. Observation of the patient in the upright position revealed that she stood with the lumbar spine in slight flexion and shifted to the left. The patient had restriction of motion in all directions, but attempts at extension exaggerated the pain. Her lumbar lordotic curve was flattened. When the patient was asked to try to squat, stand on her toes, and then stand on her heels, she had difficulty performing all of these maneuvers because of motion restriction of her back. 

With the patient in the prone position, the previously seen lateral lumbar shift was diminished. There was marked hypertonicity of the left low back muscles, with a tender point at the left buttock and tenderness and restriction of motion of the left sacroiliac articulation. An... 

When reading a diagnosis, note whether the author states that a rib is in a position of inspiration [elevated] or restricted in inspiration [depressed]. An inspiration restriction denotes a rib that does not move into a position of inspiration but is held in a depressed or expiratory position. Inspiratory and expiratory restrictions are restrictions of motion of the rib on its respiratory axis Ihat is, during inspiration the anterior portion of the rib is elevated and during expiration the rib is depressed. 

The individual ribs are tested in the manner just described for each level of ribs, but only one rib on each side is tested and compared. Individual ribs may be tested if one rib is painful or If restriction of motion is found on gross motion testing. If a group inhalation restriction has been found, usually the top rib in the group is responsible for the restriction. If a group exhalation restriction has been found, usually the lowest rib in the group is responsible. 

A history of the elbow problem should be taken first. A pain history is essential if that is the chief symptom. The elbow is important in various arm movements and restriction of motion may be the primary symptom. A history of trauma, acute or chronic, should be noted. Occupation, hobbies, sports activities, and activities of daily living should be evaluated. This must be followed by a thorough examination of the elbow as well as the joints above and below it. 

The most common dysfunction is a posterior radial head. This is diagnosed from the ability to move the radial head dorsally with restriction of motion ventrally. An anterior radial head is restricted in motion dorsally and free motion ventrally. 

---