Resistance intrinsic risk

For practical reasons the plants of organic producers need to stay healthy, so farmers are unlikely to adopt new practices if they observe increased susceptibility to diseases and pests. If the above-listed hypotheses are substantiated, this will provide a guarantee that possible health advantages are retained even when new methods are adopted. There is, however, a risk that the development or adoption of effective methods to prevent diseases and pests, which do not depend on the intrinsic resistance of the plants, could relax this selection and thus lead to less health-protective plant composition. Awareness needs to be raised about monitoring plant resistance to diseases and pests as a key indicator not only of production efficiency but also of possible health benefits (and no harm will have been done if this turns out to be wrong). 

M. tuberculosis (the tubercle bacillus) and other mycobacteria are resistant to many bactericides. Resistance is either (a) intrinsic, mainly due to reduced cellular permeability or (b) acquired, due to mutation or the acquisition of plasmids. Tuberculosis remains an important public health hazard, and indeed the annual number of tuberculosis cases is rising in many countries. The greatest risk of acquiring infection is from the undiagnosed patient. Equipment used for respiratory investigations can become contaminated with mycobacteria if the patient is a carrier of this organism. It is important to be able to disinfect the equipment to a safe level to prevent transmission of infection to other patients (Table 17.2). 

One must consider the type of surgery, intrinsic patient risk factors, the most commonly identified pathogenic organisms, institutional antimicrobial resistance patterns, and cost when choosing an antimicrobial agent for prophylaxis. 

Although phenylamides are considered to bear a high intrinsic resistance risk [33], they have failed to fully eliminate the sensitive sub-populations from nature even after 25 years of intensive use [17]. The proportion of resistant isolates in P. infestans and P. viticola fluctuates from year to year and also within the season. It increases within a season, more rapidly in fields treated with phenylamides than in untreated fields, starts to decline at the end of the season and is significantly lower at the beginning of the next season compared with the proportion at the end of the previous year [23]. 

With the NFRC process, nonproliferation concerns are alleviated by the intrinsic diversion resistance of tihe electrometallurgical process [11,24]. All TRUs (Np, Pu, Am, Cm) are separated en masse in one step of the electrometallurgical process the combined constituents are not usable for military purposes without complex additional processes. These TRUs are continually recycled in the PRISM until they are fissioned completely [25,26], which localizes the material on-site thereby avoiding risks of theft or diversion during transport. 

Equations (7.36) and (7.39) were obtained using the same risk function. However, one notes that for the same given applied stress (tensile stress a equal to maximum flexure stress further discussed below and results firom an intrinsic size effect, the maximum tensile stresses being applied to only a small part of the bent specimen. 

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