Residue-containing fossil fuel

Atmospheric particulate emissions can be reduced by choosing cleaner fuels. Natural gas used as fuel emits negligible amounts of particulate matter. Oil-based processes also emit significantly fewer particulates than coal-fired combustion processes. Low-ash fossil fuels contain less noncombustible, ash-forming mineral matter and thus generate lower levels of particulate emissions. Lighter distillate oil-based combustion results in lower levels of particulate emissions than heavier residual oils. However, the choice of fuel is usually influenced by economic as well as environmental considerations. 

The combustion of fossil fuels for the production of energy introduces numerous metals into the atmosphere and subsequently into sods, rivers, and oceans. Coal contains the degraded matter of fossil plants. Crude oil is a thermal product of the kerogen and lipid fraction in residues from microorganisms preserved in sediments. The latter is usually perfectly separated from the silicates of the host rocks whereas coal still contains a minor fraction of the interlayered sediments. 

Wood appears to have numerous attractive advantages it is available and renewable, a "clean" fuel, and has potential positive impacts on the enhancement of good forest management practice. The availability of wood residue exists in all forested areas of the United States, including "Urban" wooded areas. It is renewable because it regenerates in a relatively short time after each harvest cycle unlike fossil fuels. Wood is a relatively "clean" fuel because it contains virtually no sulfur. 

Carbon compounds hold the key to life on Earth. Consider what the world would be like if all carbon compounds were removed the result would be much like the barren surface of the Moon. If carbon compounds were removed from the human body, there would be nothing left except water and a small residue of minerals. The same would be true for all living things. Carbon compounds are also an integral part of our lifestyle. Fossil fuels, foods, and most drugs are made of carbon compounds. Since we live in an age of plastics and synthetic fibers, our clothes, appliances, and most other consumer goods contain a significant portion of carbon compounds. 

Synthesis gas is the tenri for gas mixtures mainly composed of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2). In the chemical industry it is applied as raw material for the production ( synthesis ) of various products, for example, for the production of methanol or even ammonia (by synthesis of N2 and H2). Synthesis gases are obtained in many ways (see Section 5.2). Fossil fuels such as carbon, petroleum, petroleum residues, natural gas as well as wood, peat and biomass reacting with water vapour, air, O2 or CO2 serve as feed materials. Apart from CO and Hj, synthesis gas may contain CO2, HjO, Nj, methane and higher-boiling hydrocarbons. 

JCME recorded a slightly higher water content than No.2 diesel fuel. On the other hand, the diesel No.2 gave double the ash content of JCME, mostly because diesel may contain sulfur and water-soluble metallic compounds as well as dirt and dust. JCME is sulfur-free, and without fossil residues. 

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