Reservoir retention time

The reservoir may be either pressurized or atmospherie. It must have suffieient eapaeity to eontain all oil during drain-baek or shutdown. It must be equipped with an oil level indieator, a low-level alarm switeh, safety relief valve, a pump for oil makeup during operation, drain valve, heater, mist eliminator, strainers, and required valves. Expander reservoirs must be designed and eonstrueted in aeeordanee with applieable ASME eodes. Reservoir retention time is typieally between 5-18 min depending on turboexpander size and manufaeturer s sizing eriteria. This is an area where the owner/purehaser should ask for the manufaeturer s assistanee. 

Reservoir. Retention time should be 5-8 minutes. Stainless steel material is recommended. 

Q What is the average retention time, in days, Q for the reservoir retention time is the theoretical... 

This section provides a general overview of the properties of lake systems and presents tlie basic tools needed for modeling of lake water quality. The priiiciptil physical features of a lake are length, depth (i.e., water level), area (both of the water surface and of tire drainage area), and volume. The relationship betw een the flow of a lake or reserv oir and the volume is also an important characteristic. The ratio of the volume to the (volumetric) flow represents tlie hydraulic retention time (i.e., the time it would take to empty out the lake or reservoir if all inputs of water to the lake ceased). This retention time is given by the ratio of the water body volume and tire volumetric flow rate. 

Straskraba M (1999) Retention time as a key variable of Reservoir limnology. In Tundisi JG, Straskraba M (eds) Theoretical reservoir ecology and its applications. International Institute of Ecology. Brazihan Academy of Sciences and Backhuys Publishers, Leiden... 

The preservation of distinct mantle reservoirs over time in Mars and the limited degassing experienced by the Martian mantle after the initial period, as indicated by the almost quantitative retention of 244Pu-produced fission xenon, show that Mars has been a static planet with no mantle convection since very early in its history. 

The HPLC pump is operated in either an isocratic or gradient mode (Figure 6-16). In the isocratic mode, the mobile phase composition remains constant throughout the chromatographic run. This mode is usually used for simpler separations and separations of those compounds with similar structures and/or retention times. An isocratic mobile phase is a single solvent (e.g., methanol) or a prepared mixture of several solvents (e.g., methanol, acetonitrile, and water) delivered from a single solvent reservoir. Alternatively a multisolvent mobile phase can be metered and proportioned from two or more reservoirs. Most HPLC separations are performed under isocratic conditions. 

The rules uses two descriptors (average reservoir depth and retention time) to evaluate them in either text format (small) or numerical format (< 30). If both conditions are true, a new descriptor value is set. 

S.A. Townsend, J.T. Luong-Van, K.T. Boland (1996). Retention time as a primary determinant of colour and light attenuation in two tropical Australian reservoirs. Freshwat. Biol., 36, 57-69. 

The reactor was loaded with 75 ml granular carrier material [14], and finally, the entire reactor system, including tubing and recirculation reservoir, was autoclaved at 120°C for 30 min. Before use, the reactor system was gassed for 15 min with N2/CO2 (4 1) to ensure anaerobic conditions and filled with BA medium with an initial xylose concentration of 10 g/1. The reactor was started up in batch mode by inoculation with 80 ml of cell suspension with an optical density (OD578) of 0.9-1. The batch mode of operation was maintained for 24 h to allow cells to attach and to immobilize on the carrier matrix. After the batch run, the system was switched to continuous mode, applying a hydraulic retention time (HRT the volume of the reactor divided by the influent flowrate) of 8 h and up-flow velocity of 1 m/h. To achieve operational stability, the reactor was run for 7 days under... 

Mixing errors automated mobile phase preparation. Problems encountered with an automated system can still be the result of analyst error. For example, the wrong component may have been dispensed into the HPLC solvent reservoir. Where there is an apparent issue in relation to the retention time of a compound, the mobile phase should always be checked for accuracy of preparation. Proportioning valve errors can also cause a problem with automated systems. When the valve ceases to dispense the correct amount of either solvent, the retention time of the compounds of interest will vary. 

We may be seeing a trend in the Adirondacks, from short retention time, small ponds losing their fisheries to larger flow-through reservoirs. I think that these reservoirs should be the next place we look for changes in fisheries. So we ll be watching that very carefully next year and using mercury as an indicator. I think it s a better indicator than actually... 

---