Pesticide research development

H. Frehse, ed.. Pesticide Chemisty Mdvances in International Research, Development and Eegislation, Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Pesticide Chemisty (IDPMC), Hamburg, 1990, VCH VedagsgeseUschaft, Weinheim, Germany, 1991. 

A. Trebst and co-workers, ia H. Erehse, ed.. Pesticide Chemisty, Mdvances in International Research, Development, andEegislation, Proc. 7th Int. Congr. Pestic. Chem. (lUPAC), VCH, Weinheim, 1991, p. 111. 

Zepp, R.G. (1991) Photochemical fate of agrochemicals in natural waters. In Pesticide Chemistry. Advances in International Research, Development, and Legislation, pp. 329-345, Frechse, H., Editor, VCH, Weinheim. 

This system of integrated crop production places high demands on all aspects of crop production, including the controlled use of pesticides. Development and benefit from integrated pest management systems depend upon the combined efforts of the researcher, development and scouting persons and a highly trained farmer. 

Scientists in tropical countries carrying out research on pesticide fate are encouraged to develop strategic alliances between countries such as the ones that exist in some Latin America countries. The exchange of inframation, instrumentation and training have been an important aspect of the development of better expertise and facilities in this region. 

Elliott JG and Wilson BJ (Eds) The Influence of Weather on the Efficiency and Safety of Pesticide Application the Drift of Herbicides. British Crop Protection Council Occasional Publication No. 3. Report of the Working Party of the BCPC Research Development Committee. 

Stuart Cohen, U.S. EPA, Office of Pesticide Programs Steve CorcKLe, U.S. EPA, Office of Research Development George H. Davis, USGS, retired Stan Davis, University of Arizona... 

I wish to end this review with some recommendations. We who are engaged in research on pesticides stand or fall with the success or failure of the EPA. By success I mean the expeditious review and approval of those agents that are effective and can be used safely. Any means to further that goal serves not only the interests of the EPA, as well as those engaged in research and development in private industry, but also the public who will ultimately benefit. 

Before a company files an EUP it may research the pesticidal properties of a chemical substance. In those cases, if the R D activities are focused on investigating substances potential for use as pesticides, then the company does not need to comply with TSCA s restrictions on managing of R D chemicals. If the company does other types of research in addition to research on pesticides, then it must show by some affirmative evidence that its only intent with respect to the chemical at issue is to develop it as a pesticide. As a consequence, pesticides can be exempted from the premanufacture notification requirements of TSCA 5 even before an EUP is filed, but the substance will be subject to other TSCA requirements, such as reporting significant adverse effects under TSCA 8(e). 

Wittenbach, V.A. Aulabaugh, A. Schloss, J.V. In Pesticide Chemistry Advances in International Research, Development, and Registration, Ftehse, H., Ed. Pesticide Chemistry VCH Weinheim, 1991 pp 151-160. 

Trebst, A., Kluth, J.F., Tietjen, K., Draber, W., in Pesticide Chemistry, Advances in International Research, Development and Legislation,... 

Herbicides are also sometimes classified according to mode of action, selectivity, registered uses, and toxicity. The ever-increasing importance of herbicides and other pesticides and agrochemicals to a wide range of users, regulators, and researchers has led to the development of multiple and extensive computer databases. The primary database resources contain collected information relevant to herbicides, and numerous resource pubHcations are available to those needing information on the various aspects of herbicides (2). 

An extensive pesticide properties database was compiled, which includes six physical properties, ie, solubiUty, half-life, soil sorption, vapor pressure, acid pR and base pR for about 240 compounds (4). Because not all of the properties have been measured for all pesticides, some values had to be estimated. By early 1995, the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) had developed a computerized pesticide property database containing 17 physical properties for 330 pesticide compounds. The primary user of these data has been the USDA s Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) for leaching models to advise farmers on any combination of soil and pesticide properties that could potentially lead to substantial groundwater contamination. 

Future studies must focus on those specific agricultural technologies that have contributed to the increased use of pesticides during the past 40 years, and why crop losses to pests continue to Increase. Research needs not only to identify the detrimental technologies, but, more Important, develop ecologically sound practices that farmers can use as profitable substitutes (15). 

Chen ZM, Zabik MJ, Eeavitt RA. 1984. Comparative study of thin film photodegradation rates for 36 pesticides. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Product Research and Development 23 5-11. 

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