Research and development chemist

Process Synthesis Route How to make the product What route What reactions, materials, starting points Research and Development chemists research Known synthesis routes and techniques... 

Many academic texts are available to teach chemists the fundamental tools of their trade, but few books are designed to give future industrial research and development chemists the knowledge they need to contribute, with confidence and relevance, to the development of new environmentally benign chemical technology. This book aims to be a handbook for those chemists attempting to develop new processes and products for the twenty-first century, which meet the evermore stringent demands of a society that wants new products with improved performance, and with a lower financial and environmental price tag. 

Whilst LCA is a powerful tool, which will become increasingly useful, as it is refined and becomes more objective, its complexity and cost, and the length of time taken to carry out a full analysis make it an impractical tool to use on a day-to-day basis for research and development chemists and chemical engineers. What is really required for most practising technologists is a simple set of metrics to aid the decision-making process involved in choosing one synthetic route or product over another. 

The purpose of the symposium upon which this book is based was to provide a forum for the exchange of information on chemical process hazards reviews by industrial research and development chemists, chemical engineers, and safety professionals. The chapters in this text are representative of the subjects presented at the symposium and are provided to give wider dissemination and availability of this information. 

The results of the route screening left the hydrogenation of the MEA imine as the only realistic possibility. As a matter of fact, it took more than 10 years (Table 2) and the collaboration of an untold number of research and development chemists, technicians, engineers, and workmen until the production plant for making... 

The synthesis, analysis, and evaluation of reaction paths is of fundamental importance in the chemical process industries. Research and development chemists and chemical engineers are often confronted with problems diich are best solved by utilizing chemical reactions. Figure I shows a matrix of the common problems and possible solutions encountered in the chemical process industries. Problems associated with products may be classified into those which deal with compounds or mixtures of compounds which are a new market for the company and those which are existing products. Separation problems which might be solved by chemical reactions (e.g. use chemical reactions to convert one or more of the species in a mixture... 

Germany), investigating the first total syntheses of iejimalide B and iejimahde A, he spent two years as a research and development chemist for DSM Linz. Since the summer of 2009 he has held the position of Assistant Professor at JKU Linz, where he is currently working on his habUitation. Dr. Waser s main research interests are focused in the field... 

He started his professional career in the USA the same year at the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company moving to the Bloomfield Adhesives and Sealants Division in 1966 as a research and development chemist. 

The infrastructure includes hardware, computing facilities, research support, communications links, and educational structures. Infrastructure enhancements will provide substantial advantages in the pursuit of teaching, research, and development. Chemists and chemical engineers will need to be ready to take full advantage of capabilities that are inaeasing exponentially. 

The analytical research and development (R D) unit is often responsible for the preparation and vahdation of test methods. The R D lab is not faced with the same pressures for rapid analysis as the QC unit, where pending results often hold up production. In addition, R D often assigns personnel to specific instmments or techniques, whereas QC generally requires technicians to perform varied analyses. This leads to an expertise on the part of analytical chemists and technicians which is difficult to duphcate in QC. Therefore the R D test method should be mgged enough to withstand the different environment of the QC lab and stiU provide vahd results. 

Terpene chemists use mainly gas chromatography in dealing with terpene mixtures in research and development as weU as in quahty control. Capillary gas chromatography with stable bonded-phase columns, the primary analytical method, is also being used more frequendy in the 1990s in product quahty control because its greater resolution is helpful in producing consistent products. 

One method that can be used to enhance the efficiency of technology transfer presents itself when a client has a laboratory or pilot plant producing the materials. When this is so, the toller s personnel can visit the site, observe the processing and ask questions of the research and development team. Conversely, the research and development team or chemists and engineers from the client can witness any test runs taking place at the toller s plant. These options allow both companies to ask questions, give advice on process and... 

Internationally, this group has within its ranks an army of experienced chemists and engineers plus a seemingly almost unlimited source of research and development information. Much of this information is... 

Today, computers are so ubiquitous in pharmaceutical research and development that it may be hard to imagine a time when there were no computers to assist the medicinal chemist or biologist. A quarter-century ago, the notion of a computer on the desk of every scientist and company manager was not even contemplated. Now, computers are absolutely essential for generating, managing, and transmitting information. The aim of this chapter is to give a... 

Tri-n-butyltin methacrylate (TBTM) was synthesized by chemists at the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center (DTNSRDC), Annapolis, Maryland. The methods of Dyckman et al. (1 ) and Montermoso et al. (2 ) were used, in which 30 g methacrylic acid was slowly added to 103.8 g bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide in 300 mL benzene in a flask equipped with a stirrer and reflux condenser. Cooling kept the temperature below 25°C. After all acid had been added, the solution was heated gradually and maintained at 30°C while the water of reaction was removed in vacuo and benzene was added to replace the benzene lost during this period. When the solution became clear, the benzene was removed and the resulting pale yellow viscous liquid was diluted with 100 mL ether and cooled to -20°C. The product separated as long, thick, transparent needles. The yield was close to theoretical and the ra.p. was 18°C. 

Demonstrating the progress in an interdisciplinary field of research and development, this book is primarily addressed to specialists with different background -physicists, organic and analytical chemists, and photochemists - to those who develop and apply new fluorescence reporters. It will also be useful to specialists in bioanalysis and biomedical diagnostics - the areas where these techniques are most extensively used. 

While many aspects of data analysis are introduced, starting from very basic facts, the book is not primarily written for the beginner. Its main audience is expected to come from post-graduate students, research and industrial chemists with sufficient interest in data analysis to warrant the development of their own software rather than relying on other people s packages that all too often are rather black boxes. 

What can the chemist who elects to pursue a career in law expect He has many opportunities to exercise and to exploit his skills in diverse directions. He can stay enmeshed in chemistry almost to whatever extent he wishes. If he goes into chemical patent law, he can assume a position with a large corporation that has a chemical patent department. He could then become involved in a particular area of chemistry, working on a daily basis with chemists who are conducting research and development in that area. In the larger companies this could be a highly specialized area. 

The above problems appear to be the major sources of difficulty in prodrug research and development, not to mention possible complications during registration. No wonder, therefore, that so many medicinal chemists are critical of prodrugs. However, a lucid view cannot ignore the sunny side, in this case the mere existence of a number of successful prodrugs. Nabume-tone, oseltamivir, and pivampicillin are just a few examples that come to mind. 

Research and development funding often encourages chemists and chemical engineers... 

---