Reproductive maternal effects

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by subcutaneous, intravenous, and intramuscular routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Human and experimental teratogenic and experimental reproductive effects. Human reproductive effects by subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravaginal, and intraplacental routes postpartum depression and other maternal effects, abortion, and changes in measures of fertility. Human teratogenic effects by intraplacental route extra embryonic structures. Human systemic effects by intravenous route hypermotiUty, diarrhea, nausea or vomiting. Human mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes. 

In reproductive studies, effects on the fetus have been seen only at oral doses that were associated with concurrent maternal toxicity. In an inhalation study conducted by Biodynamics, pregnant female rats were exposed to mixed xylenes 6hday for 190 days. Toxicity to the fetus was apparent in the group exposed to 500 ppm. Rat pups born to dams exposed to 500 or 250 ppm displayed reduced weight of ovaries, but the effect was transient. Developmental toxicity was seen in another inhalation study in rats. 

Kilbum KH, Moro A. 1985. Reproductive and maternal effects of formaldehyde (HCHO) in rats [Abstract]. Fed Proc 44 535. 

Occupational exposures can produce a wide range of effects on reproduction. The effects of parental exposure before conception include reduced fertility, unsuccessM fertilization or implantation, an abnormal fetus, reduced libido, or menstrual dysfunction. Maternal e q)osure after conception may result in perinatal death, low birth weight, birth defects, developmental or behavioral disabilities, and cancer. 

Other approaches such as Wolbachia Wolbachia pipientis are intracellular bacteria that occur in a majority of insect species and that manipulate their host s reproductive biology to facilitate their spread) (O Connor et al., 2012 Hoffmann et al., 2015) and maternal-effect dominant embryonic arrest Medea) (Hay et al., 2010 Chen et al., 2007) also hold a great promise (Alphey, 2014). 

Sequences of aggressive behavior that are composed of characteristic acts and postures following each other rapidly are disrupted. These disorganizing effects parallel the analysis of amphetamine effects on other intricately patterned behaviors such as feeding, maternal care, play behavior, or reproductive interactions. For example, amphetamine suppresses play... 

Reproductive Effects. There is sufficient qualitative evidence to support the conclusion that at high occupational exposure levels lead has significant adverse effects on human reproduction, including increased incidences of spontaneous abortion, miscarriages, and stillbirths. The mechanisms responsible for these effects are unknown at this time, but many factors may contribute to these results. These factors include indirect effects of lead on maternal nutrition or hormonal status before and during pregnancy to... 

There has been no comprehensive evaluation of the reproductive and developmental effects of hexachloroethane. Limited data indicate that it is maternally toxic and retards fetal development. It does not appear to be a teratogen. 

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