Replica parts

Replica parts are substitutions for spares provided by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and usually obtained at lower cost. They are obtained from suppliers who specialize in replica parts or they may be manufactured by the end user when an accurate drawing is available. 

Before embarking on a replica parts program, the design group must ensure that an improper substitution is not made. Furthermore, replica parts usage may void the warranty. It is important that a replica parts program makes both economic and technical sense. Renegotiation of the cost of OEM parts with the manufacturer is always an option. 

Criticality Not highly loaded or high speed, or requiring special considerations 

Effect on Warranty or Liability Does not void warranty 

Ability to Meet Dimensions and Shape Can be achieved by machining 

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Bearings Undersized replica parts substituted for original equipment size on 200 hp blower Excessive vibration caused premature failure of blower with shutdown to replace bearings Specify replica parts accurately and know if the are applicable... 

The structure of the chapter is as follows. First, we start with a brief introduction of the important theoretical developments and relevant interesting experimental observations. In Sec. 2 we present fundamental relations of the liquid-state replica methodology. These include the definitions of the partition function and averaged grand thermodynamic potential, the fluctuations in the system and the correlation functions. In the second part of... 

Sec. 4 is concerned with the development of the theory of inhomogeneous partly quenched systems. The theory involves the inhomogeneous, or second-order, replica OZ equations and the Born-Green-Yvon equation for the density profile of adsorbed fluid in disordered media. Some computer simulation results are also given. 

The correlation functions of the partly quenched system satisfy a set of replica Ornstein-Zernike equations (21)-(23). Each of them is a 2 x 2 matrix equation for the model in question. As in previous studies of ionic systems (see, e.g.. Refs. 69, 70), we denote the long-range terms of the pair correlation functions in ROZ equations by qij. Here we apply a linearized theory and assume that the long-range terms of the direct correlation functions are equal to the Coulomb potentials which are given by Eqs. (53)-(55). This assumption represents the mean spherical approximation for the model in question. Most importantly, (r) = 0 as mentioned before, the particles from different replicas do not interact. However, q]f r) 7 0 these functions describe screening effects of the ion-ion interactions between ions from different replicas mediated by the presence of charged obstacles, i.e., via the matrix. The functions q j (r) need to be obtained to apply them for proper renormalization of the ROZ equations for systems made of nonpoint ions. 

Cationic quaternary ammonium compounds such as distearyldimethylammonium-chloride (DSDMAC) used as a softener and as an antistatic, form hydrated particles in a dispersed phase having a similar structure to that of the multilayered liposomes or vesicles of phospholipids 77,79). This liposome-like structure could be made visible by electron microscopy using the freeze-fracture replica technique as shown by Okumura et al. 79). The concentric circles observed should be bimolecular lamellar layers with the sandwiched parts being the entrapped water. In addition, the longest spacings of the small angle X-ray diffraction pattern can be attributed to the inter-lamellar distances. These liposome structures are formed by the hydrated detergent not only in the gel state but also at relatively low concentrations. 

By means of the one step replica with tungsten as pre-shadow-ing metal, the electron micrograph of the surface of an unannealed membrane is shown in Figure 5. In the micrograph we can find the pores whose sizes range between 10 and 27 A. The greater part of them is between 15 - 25 A. The surface appears just like crater and there are also observed some wave-like features, the sizes of... 

Note that the researchers did not put clay directly on the ancient skull because rabbinical laws prohibit tampering with any part of the skeleton. Instead, researchers performed a CT scan of the skull and then constructed a replica for their use. 

With FRFE we differentiale the existence of regular and irregular replicas. A regular fractional replica is obtained from a FUFE matrix by dividing it into a number of parts divisible by two (2, 4, 6, 8, 16, etc.). The obtained replicas are respectively marked by 1/2-replica or half-replica, 1/4-replica, 1/8-replica, etc. Irregular replicas are obtained by taking, for example 3/4 and 5/8 of the FUFE matrix. 

The printing process can be separated into two parts fabrication of the stamp and use of this stamp to pattern features defined by the relief on its surface. These two processes are typically quite different, although it is possible in some cases to use patterns generated by a stamp to produce a replica of that stamp. The structure from which the stamp is derived, which is known as the master , can be fabricated with any technique that is capable of producing well-defined patterns of surface relief. This master can then be used directly as the stamp, or it can be used to produce stamps via molding or printing procedures. 

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