Energy sources, renewable

Renewable energy scenarios depend on environmental protection, which is an essential characteristic of sustainable developments. Worldwide biomass ranks fourth as an energy resource, providing approximately 14% of the world s energy needs. Biomass, mainly now represent only 3% of primary energy consumption 

Energy source Energy conversion and usage options 

Modern biomass Heat and power generation, pyrolysis, gasification, digestion 

Geothermal Urban heating, power generation, hydrothermal, hot dry rock 

Solar Solar home system, solar dryers, solar cookers 

Ultimate sources of renewable energy are the Earth, which gives rise to geothermal energy, the Moon, which is responsible for tidal power, and the Sun, which is the final cause of all other hydro, wind, wave, thermal, and solar photodevices. A brief discussion of each source is essential for an overall appreciation of the difficulties we are facing and possible solutions to our energy requirements. 

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The use of wind as a renewable energy source involves the conversion of power contained in moving air masses to rotating shaft power. These air masses represent the complex circulation of winds near the surface of Earth caused by Earth s rotation and by convective heating from the sun. The actual conversion process utilizes basic aerodynamic forces, ie, lift or drag, to produce a net positive torque on a rotating shaft, resulting in the production of mechanical power, which can then be used directly or converted to electrical power. 

El-Halwagi, M. M. (1993). A process synthesis approach to the dilemma of simultaneous heat recovery, waste reduction and cost effectiveness. In Proceedings of the Third Cairo International Conference on Renewable Energy Sources ( A. I. El-Sharkawy and R. H. Kummler, eds.), Vol. 2, pp. 579-594. ... 

If hydrogen is made from decarbonized fossil fuels, fuel-cycle emissions can be cut by up to 80 percent. With renewable energy sources such as biomass, solar, or wind, the fuel cycle greenhouse gas emissions are virtually eliminated. It is possible to envision a future energy system based on hydrogen and fuel cells with little or no emissions of pollutants or greenhouse gases in fuel production, distribution, or use. 

Ogden J., and Nitsch, J. (1993). Solar Hydrogen. In Renewable Energy Sources of Electricity and Fuels, ed. T. Johannsson, H. Kelly, A. K. N. Reddy, and R. H. Williams. Washington DC Island Press. 

Using renewable energy sources at all stages of the life cycle. 

For economies like the European economy, this is an excellent opportunity to have available and autonomous, as well as renewable energy source. The European Union strongly encourages this initiative, which allows the use of... 

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