Renal disease urinalysis

Nephrotoxicity IDV potentially TDF Onset IDV—months after therapy TDF—weeks to months after therapy Symptoms IDV—asymptomatic rarely develop end-stage renal disease TDF—asymptomatic to symptoms of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, Fanconi syndrome 1. History of renal disease 2. Concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs Avoid use of other nephrotoxic drugs adequate hydration if on IDV monitor creatinine, urinalysis, serum potassium and phosphorus in patients at risk D/C offending agent, generally reversible supportive care electrolyte replacement as indicated... 

BUN, urinalysis, serum creatinine in patients with preexisting renal disease... 

Proteinuria is a common finding in patients with kidney disease, and the use of a dipstick assay is an important screening test in any patient suspected of having renal disease. Among patients with suspected or proven CKD, including reflux nephropathy and early glomerulonephritis, and those with hypertension or previously detected asymptomatic hematuria, annual urinalysis for proteinuria is accepted as a useful way of identifying patients at risk of... 

Kasiske BL, Keene WF. Laboratory assessment of renal disease Clearance, urinalysis and renal biopsy. In Brenner BM, ed. The Kidney, 5th ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1996 1137-1174. 

Kasiske, B.L. and Keane, W.F. (2000) Laboratory assessment of renal disease clearance, urinalysis, and renal biopsy. Biopharm. Drug Dispos. 16, 351-380. 

Foxall PJD, Bending MR, Gartland KI, et al. 1989. Acute renal failure following accidental cutaneous absorption of phenol Application of NMR urinalysis to monitor the disease process. Human Toxicol 9 491-496. 

Before tlie initial administration of tlie drug, it is important to assess tlie patient s general appearance and take and record the vital signs. The nurse obtains information regarding tlie symptoms experienced by tlie patient and the lengtli of time these symptoms have been present. Depending on tlie tyiie and location of tlie infection or disease tlie nurse reviews the results of tests, such as a urine culture, urinalysis, complete blood count, intravenous pyelogram, renal function tests, and examination of tlie stool. 

Renal/hepatic disease does not appear to enhance their toxicity. Extreme caution is advised, however, because succinimides can cause morphological changes to kidneys and liver. Periodic monitoring of the blood count, hepatic function, and urinalysis are recommended with the use of succinimides. 

Early kidney disease is difficult to detect. The urinalysis is normal in early lead nephropathy and the blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine increase only when two-thirds of kidney function is lost. Measurement of creatinine clearance can often detect earlier disease as can other methods of measurement of glomerular filtration rate. An abnormal Ca-EDTA mobilization test has been used to differentiate between lead-induced and other nephropathies, but this procedure is not widely accepted. A form of Fanconi syndrome with aminoaciduria, glycosuria, and hyperphosphaturia indicating severe injury to the proximal renal tubules is occasionally seen in children. 

Kasiske B. Keane W Laboratory assessment in kidney disease clearance, urinalysis, and renal biopsy in Brenner B (ed) Brenner and Rector s The Kidney, ed 6. Philadelphia, WB Saunders. 2000. pp 1129-1170. 

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