Remediation management goals

The first step in the remedy selection process is the identification of remedial action objectives that reflect the full range of current and future site management goals including ... 

The technical differences between site problems at RCRA facilities and CERCLA sites sometimes may be difficult to distinguish, owing to similarities in present or past uses of the site, in hydrogeologic setting, and/or in the types of substances disposed, spilled, or otherwise managed at the site. Consequently, many technical aspects of the study and remediation of releases of hazardous wastes and constituents from RCRA facilities often will closely parallel those at Superfund sites, and cleanups under both statutes must achieve similar goals for protection of public health and the environment. Additionally, activities which would be termed removal actions or expedited response actions under CERCLA may be undertaken by owners and operators under RCRA. In the RCRA context, such actions are termed interim measures, as will be discussed in subsequent chapters. 

The application of containment—the presumptive remedy—often requires the design and installation of a landfill cover. Other common components, such as landfill gas management, groundwater treatment or containment, and collection and disposal of leachate, may also be required. Landfill covers may offer several environmental benefits (minimize erosion, prevent occurrence of disease vectors and other nuisances, and meet aesthetic and other end-use purposes), but they are based on three primary goals.1415... 

Maryland Supeifund Site Natural attenuation enabled new development at 70-acre Superfund site approximately 20 miles northwest of Baltimore, Maryland. This property had been contaminated by a printed circuit board manufacturing company. According to a manager, the pump-and-treat remediation system failed to meet groundwater treatment goals, though it cost over 1 million to construct and more than 200,000 a year to operate. It was estimated that this approach could cost as much as 5 million over 10 years and would still not achieve the cleanup objectives of the Maryland Department of Environment (D17452R). 

It is assumed that treated water cannot be reinjected. The aqueous concentration at thirteen observation wells must be less than or equal to the water quality goal (0.5 mg/L) by the end of a 5-year remediation period. The locations of these potential extraction wells and observation wells are indicated in Figure 1. Thus, to complete the formulation of this problem, the following three constraints must be added to the management model described in Equations 4 to 11 ... 

---