Reliability theory applications

Kolowrocki, K. 2007a. Reliability modelling of complex systems — Part 1. International Journal of Gnedenko e-Forum Reliability Theory Application", Vol. 2, No 3-4, 116-127. 

El-Damoese, M A. Temraz N.S., 2011. Availability and Reliability Measures for Multi-State System by Using Markov Reward Model. Reliability Theory Applications, 6(3) 68-85. 

Blokus-Roszkowska, A. Smolarek, L. 2012a. Collision risk estimation for motorways of the sea. Reliability Theory Applications 2(25) 58-68. Blokus-Roszkowska, A. Smolarek, L. 2012b. Influence of traffic schemes on the level of vessels safety. Journal of KONBiN A 2A) 5-12. 

Wachnicka, J. Smolarek, L., 2013. Model Of Multilevel Stochastic Analysis Of Road Safety On Regional Level. Reliability Theory Applications, Vol. 8 No. 9, June, str. 39-48 ISSN 1932-2321. 

Jodejko-Pietruczuk, A., Nowakowski, T, Werbinska-Wojciechowska, S. (2013b). Block inspection pohqr model with imperfect inspections formulti-unit systems. Reliability Theory Applications 8(3) 75 6. 

The well-known Flory treatment [50-52] of the en-thropic contribution to the Gibbs energy of mixing of polymers with solvents is still the simplest and most reliable theory developed. It is quite apparent, however, that the Flory-Huggins theory was established on the basis of the experimental behavior of only a few mixtures investigated over a very narrow range of temperature. Strict applications of the Flory-Huggins approach... 

CD exciton chirality method 11 the most simple and reliable method applicable to a variety of natural products, because the exciton-coupled CD is based on the coupled oscillator theory and the mechanism of this method has already been established as will be briefly explained in the following sections. Therefore, numerical calculations using a computer are not necessary. 

The modelling of gas permeation has been applied by several authors in the qualitative characterisation of porous structures of ceramic membranes [132-138]. Concerning the difficult case of gas transport analysis in microporous membranes, we have to notice the extensive works of A.B. Shelekhin et al. on glass membranes [139,14] as well as those more recent of R.S.A. de Lange et al. on sol-gel derived molecular sieve membranes [137,138]. The influence of errors in measured variables on the reliability of membrane structural parameters have been discussed in [136]. The accuracy of experimental data and the mutual relation between the resistance to gas flow of the separation layer and of the support are the limitations for the application of the permeation method. The interpretation of flux data must be further considered in heterogeneous media due to the effects of pore size distribution and pore connectivity. This can be conveniently done in terms of structure factors [5]. Furthermore the adsorption of gas is often considered as negligible in simple kinetic theories. Application of flow methods should always be critically examined with this in mind. 

The SAC-CI method can be applicable to various kinds of molecular spectroscopy excitation, ionization and electron-attached states in high accuracy. First, we overview the excitation [51 -53] and ionization spectra [51,54] of five-membered ring compounds, furan and thiophene. For these spectra, pioneering theoretical spectroscopy was performed by the SAC-Cl method [51] and has been followed by many theoretical works [52,53,55-58]. Comparisons of our old and new calculations show the importance of using the sufficiently flexible basis sets with valence and Rydberg functions as well as the reliable theory for the accurate descriptions of these spectra. We also explain the spectroscopy of p-benzoquinone (p-BQ), its anion radical [59], and aniline [60]. 

If we need to be able to deal with all types of uncertainty, can mathematics as a formal language help us It is the purpose of this chapter to review briefly and qualitatively the basic ideas of mathematics, in particular logic and set theory, on which probability theory depends. The nature of probability and its application in reliability theory as applied to structural design, and the problems of applying it to estimate system uncertainty are then discussed. It is not intended to cover the techniques associated with the theories, only the ideas behind them. Many texts are available on all the subjects touched here, to which reference will have to be made if techniques for handling the ideas are required. The purpose of the following discussion is to attempt to clarify the basis on which we work... 

European Standard EN 13306 (2010) Maintenance terminology, Ref.Nr. EN 13306 2010 D/E/F Gertsbakh I (2006) Reliability theory with applications to preventive maintenance, corr. 2nd printing. Springer, Berlin... 

Flage, R. Aven, T. (2009) Ejqjressing and communicating uncertainty in relation to quantitative risk analysis. Reliability Risk Analysis Theory Application, to appear. 

Rausand, M. Hoyland, A. 2004. System reliability theory models, statistical methods, and applications. Hoboken, N.J., Wiley-Interscience. 

Most of the reliability theory literature focuses on binary systems, i.e., systems with only two states functioning or failed. See e.g., (Barlow Proschan, 1981). In many real life applications, however, systems have more than two states. A typical example is a network flow system where the state of the system may be defined as the flow capacity of the system. Depending on the number of functioning links in the system, this capacity varies between full capacity and zero capacity, but with several intermediate states as well. 

Lundteigen, M.A. Rausand, M. 2009. Architectural constraints in lEC 61508 Do they have the intended effect Reliability Engineering and System Safety 94 520-525 Rausand, M. Hoyland, A. (2 ed.) 2004. System reliability theory models, statistical methods, and applications. New York Wiley... 

Rausand, M., Hoyland, A. (2004). System Reliability Theory — Models, Statistical Methods, and Applications Second Edition, Wiley series. 

Thoft-Christensen, P. and Baker, M.J. 1982. Structural Reliability Theory and its Applications. Sptinger-Verlag. 

The title indicates that this paper is about the calculation of vibrational force constants and the geometry optimization of polyatomic molecules however, its primary impact on computational chemistry comes from the methodology for calculating analytic first derivatives with respect to molecular coordinates at the Hartree-Fock (HF) level of theory. Applications of first and higher derivatives of the energies obtained by molecular orbital (MO) calculations have revolutionized computational chemistry, allowing molecular structures and properties to be computed efficiently and reliably [1-5]. Almost all electronic structure codes compute analytic first derivatives of the energy, and Pulay s paper was the first to describe a practical calculational approach. 

TGSting. No test is available that reliably predicts the exterior durability of coatings, partly due to the wide variety of environments and application conditions (see Weathering). The limitations of accelerated tests, the need for data based on actual field experience, and methods of building a database are described in Reference 23. Use of reliability theory using statistical distribution functions of material, process, and exposure parameters for predicting exterior durability of automotive coatings has been recommended (46). Reference 55 reviews various test methods. 

X H. Lau (ed), Solder Joint Reliability Theory and Applications, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1991. 

Often commuters encounter intersections which operate near capacity limits and do not know when they will experience unacceptable traffic conditions. There are days where they drive through such intersections without major disruption and days on which they do not accept adverse traffic conditions, which can be expressed by means of a variety of measures including delays, queues, stops etc. [Chodur 2004]. For each driver the ability to estimate the likelihood of favourable traffic conditions at the time of departure and select the best route is extremely important in terms of minimizing trip time. The aim of this paper is to show the application of elements of reliability theory to the description of the functioning of a lane with a left turn at a signalised intersection in Krakow over several successive working days in favourable weather conditions. The analysis will cover 24-hour periods and record moments in time in which there were adverse traffic conditions from the viewpoint of drivers. Lane s functioning is associated with the level and quality of service and is renewable in time. The concept of renewal in this case is directly related to theoretical renewal, when a renewed object reveals the same reliability as directly before the overload. 

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