Rejection, in transplantation

Cyclosporine is a cyclic polypeptide immunosuppressant typically used to prevent organ rejection in transplant patients. Its use is restricted to patients with fulminant or refractory symptoms in patients with active IBD. Significant toxicides associated with cyclosporine are nephrotoxicity, risk of infection, seizures, hypertension, and liver function test abnormalities.1,13,14... 

The complement system is a humoral effector of inflammation which is activated by a cascade mechanism through the classical and/or alternative pathway [62]. Activation of the system is normally beneficial for the host. However, excessive activation may evoke pathological reaction in a variety of immunological and degenerative diseases and hyperacute rejection in transplantation. Therefore, the modulation of complement activity should be useful in the therapy of inflammatory diseases. 

Efficacious mAbs are used in a variety of therapeutic indications such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn s disease, psoriasis, organ transplantation, asthma, infectious diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, while for other diseases research and development is currently ongoing. The current three major therapeutic areas include oncology (eight mAbs against solid tumors and lymphoma/leukemia), inflammatory diseases (five mAbs), and the immunosuppression/prophylaxis or treatment of organ rejection in transplantation (three mAbs). The reader is referred to Chapter 12 for a detailed discussion on the exposure-response relationships and pharmacodynamics of therapeutically administered mAbs. 

Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine are immunosuppressants that are used for the treatement of several conditions including immunological disorders and for prevention of acute rejection in transplant recipients. In Europe, azathioprine the precursor of 6-mercaptopurine has been the thio-... 

Indications Prophylaxis of organ rejection in transplants Category Calcineurin inhibitor Disease-modifying antirheumatic Immunosuppressant Half-life 10-27 hours (adults)... 

Tacrolimus-based immunosuppression demonstrates lower rates of acute rejection in transplantation of almost all other organs evaluated to date. 

Immunomodulatory. Polyclonal antibody depletes T cells responsible for acute organ rejection in transplant patients. 

Corticosteroid medications are used to treat rheumatoid artiiritis, lupus, asthma, allergies and many other conditions. They also treat situations such Addison disease in which tire adrenal glands do not produce enough steroids, and help prevent organ rejection in transplant recipients. 

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