REJECT RATE

Most producers believe in the adage quality pays in terms of better reputation and sales, customer loyalty, lower reject rates, service and warranty costs. They should also realize that safety pays in terms of reducing the legal exposure and the tremendous costs that this can incur, both directly and indirectly, for example from compensation, legal fees, time and effort, increased insurance premiums, recalls and publicity (Wright, 1989). Few manufacturers understand all the cost factors involved, and many take a shortsighted view of the actual situation with regard to the costs of safety. 

Two common types of membrane materials used are cellulose acetate and aromatic polyamide membranes. Cellulose acetate membrane performance is particularly susceptible to annealing temperature, with lower flux and higher rejection rates at higher temperatures. Such membranes are prone to hydrolysis at extreme pH, are subject to compaction at operating pressures, and are sensitive to free chlorine above 1.0 ppm. These membranes generally have a useful life of 2 to 3 years. Aromatic polyamide membranes are prone to compaction. These fibers are more resistant to hydrolysis than are cellulose acetate membranes. 

The total furnace heat absorption may be estimated by using the calculated furnace exit gas temperature and analysis to determine the enthalpy (excluding the latent heat of water vapor) and thus deducting the heat rejection rate from the net heat input rate. 

Softening and raising the pH level of the RW tends to increase the rejection rate of silica, boron, and total organic carbon (TOC). It also tends to increase silica solubility, thus reducing the risk of silica deposition on the membrane. 

Without good laboratory error explanations to ward off REJECTED labels, batch failure rates are likely to increase under the strict interpretation. The health authorities are waiting The rejection rate is a criterion they use to judge the trustworthiness of the companies they inspect and license. 

In Estonia, however, as many as 17% of the applications are withdrawn Ifom the process. Rejection rates are highest in Venezuela and Malaysia (30% and 29%, respectively). In both countries, withdrawal rates are small (0% and 3%, respectively). In Australia in particular, the number of applications withdrawn before a final decision has increased significantly in the past four years. This increase in withdrawals is probably a result of the way in which the registration system now operates, with a proposed decision to reject being made by the Delegate, prior to obtaining formal advice from the Australian Dmg Evaluation Committee. 

Pesticide Reregistration Rejection Rate Analysis. Environmental Eate. EPA 738-R-93-010. USEPA, Washington, DC (1993). 

The unit operation demonstrates that membrane life over two years has been demonstrated and that the selected materials of construction are correct. The recovery of sulphate-lean brine is 85-90% during normal operation. In a trial run under extreme conditions, with the unit modified to operate in recycle mode, the concentration of sodium sulphate in the reject stream was increased to 190g l-1 a 90% sulphate rejection rate was achieved during this trial. The sodium chloride concentration decreased on the concentrate side of the membrane and increased in the... 

A new GPPS resin was tested at a customer s injection-molding plant as an Improvement over an incumbent resin manufactured by a competitor. The new resin performed well in the process except that it created parts with a 5% rejection rate due to a splay defect. The competitive resin was reported to run well but with a lower... 

Initial - 15 mg/kg/day 4 to 12 hours prior to transplantation. There is a trend toward use of even lower initial doses for renal transplantation in the ranges of 10 to 14 mg/kg/day. Continue dose postoperatively for 1 to 2 weeks, then taper by 5% per week to a maintenance level of 5 to 10 mg/kg/day. Some centers successfully tapered the dose to as low as 3 mg/kg/day in selected renal transplant patients without an apparent rise in rejection rate. 

The leak rate which is no longer tolerable in accordance with the acceptance specifications is known as the rejection rate. Its calculation is based on the condition that the test specimen may not fail during its planned utilization period due to faults caused by leaks, and this to a certain degree of certainty. Often it is not the leak rate for the test specimen under normal operating conditions which is determined, but rather the throughput rate of a test gas - primarily helium - under test conditions. The values thus found will have to be converted to correspond to the actual application situation in regard to the pressures inside and outside the test specimen and the type of gas (or liquid) being handled. 

Black patients had higher rejection rates (56% vs 13%) than non-blacks given same regimen no significant differences in trough sirolimus concentrations at equal doses between blacks and non-blacks... 

Studies with rhesus monkeys have shown similar evidence of transmission of individual differences through parenting styles. Berman (1990) found that the rate of mothers rejecting their infants was correlated with the rejection rate of the mothers mothers. Individual differences in fearfulness or maternal behavior have been mapped onto those of the rearing mother, rather than the biological mother. 

Berman, C.M. (1990) Intergenerational transmission of maternal rejection rates among free-ranging rhesus monkeys on Cayo Santiago. Anim Behav, 44 247-258. 

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