Regulation of neuropeptides expression

D2 receptors, whereas substance P and dynorphin are expressed in a neuron population preferentially containing D1 receptors. 

AMPA a-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid 

CREB cAMP responsive element binding protein 

GIRK G protein-regulated inward rectifier K+ channels 

Albert PR, Neve KA, Bunzow JR, Civelli O (1990) Coupling of a cloned rat dopamine-D2 receptor to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and prolactin secretion. J Biol Chem 265 2098-2104. 

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Neuropeptides make a unique contribution to signaling 329 Regulation of neuropeptide expression is exerted at several levels 329... 

Regulation of neuropeptide expression is exerted at several levels. Control of neuropeptide function is mediated by factors controlling rates of prepropeptide gene transcription, translation, peptide degradation and secretion (Fig. 18-11). On the scale of seconds to minutes, peptide secretion is not always coupled lock-step with classical transmitter release (example above). Peptides are inactivated by diffusion and by proteolysis, so it would be expected that inhibition of specific extracellular proteases... 

Zigmond RE, Sun Y (1997) Regulation of neuropeptide expression in sympathetic neurons. Paracrine and retrograde influences. Ann NY Acad Sci 574 181-197. 

Krsmanovic, L.Z., S.S. Stojilkovic, L.M. Mertz, M. Tomic K.J. Catt. 1993. Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors and autocrine regulation of neuropeptide release in immortalized hypothalamic nemons. Proc. NatL Acad. ScL USA 90 3908-12. 

Among vertebrate species, the neuro-endocrine-immime system is responsible for many complex, inter-related physiological processes including neuronal, homeostatic, reproductive and immune functions. There are four main types of hormone polypeptides, eicosanoids, steroids and thyroid hormones. Reflecting the inter-dependency of the neiiro-endocrine and immune systems, hormones, neuropeptides and other neiirotransmitters are known to be produced by some immune cells and play a role in the regulation of the immune system, while endocrine and nervous tissues express receptors for many substances produced by the immune system. The major focus of interest in endocrine disruption has... 

HeiligM (1995) Antisense inhibition of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-Y 1 receptor expression blocks the anxiolytic-like action ofNPY in amygdala and paradoxically increases feeding. Regul Pept 59 201-205... 

Until recently an involvement of neuronal HA in the hypothalamic regulation of oxytocin (OT) secretion was unknown. However, within the recent years it has been reported that HA administered centrally stimulates c-fos expression and c-fos immunoreactivity in oxytocinergic neurons and OT mRNA in the SON and PVN [21]. In accordance with this, central infusion of HA stimulates OT secretion, an effect which occurs via activation of HI and H2 receptors [28]. Although HA releases OT, this neuropeptide does not seem to be involved in the mediation of the HA-induced release of ACTH and PRL [28],... 

Young WS, 3rd, Bonner TI, Brann MR (1986) Mesencephalic dopamine neurons regulate the expression of neuropeptide mRNAs in the rat forebrain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 9827-9831. 

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