Regulation of Exports

Unlike most sections of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), which deal with protecting the health of people and the environment of the United States, 12(b) is intended to inform foreign governments of hazards that may be associated with a chemical substance or mixture so that those governments may devise whatever constraints, if any, they deem appropriate to protect their own residents and environment The Export Notification rule implemented under 12(b) has been modified over the years to conform the domestic export notification program to international norms, to the extent permitted under applicable law.  

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A number of other genes appear to affect protein secretion in E. coli. Most are poorly characterized, and could affect the export process, synthesis of exported proteins, and/or regulation of export or synthesis. A mutation in the envZ gene, which is involved in the transcriptional regulation of genes coding for OmpF and OmpC, has pleiotropic effects on... 

Despite the attractions of economic forces driving environmental protection, some cautions and failures have been noted. Firstly, the export of hazardous waste to countries where costs for treatment are lower enhances environmental risks during transport and has the potential for transboundary export in the event of pollution. At the same time, the loss of raw material may deprive the home market of an adequate supply of feedstock for the home-based industry. Secondly, there is considerable scepticism that self-regulation of TBT-based antifoulants could be achieved in a timely manner by the shipping industry. This is an instance where the cost benehts to one industry are born by another commercial sector, notably aquaculture. Thus, protection of the marine environment is likely to be aided by economic factors but the role of government, via taxation and standard setting, is not likely to be usurped. Public education and, in turn, pressure, can promote and support corporate environmentalism. 

Lewis DB, Grimm NB (2007) Hierarchical regulation of nitrogen export from urban catchments interactions of storms and landscapes. Ecol Appl 17 2347-2364... 

Controlled Substance Act and Controlled Substances Import and Export Act. Removed regulation of drug abuse from FDA (transferred to the Drag Enforcement Agency) and provided for stringent regulation of pharmaceuticals with abuse potential. 

Figure 5 The structural region of the NisA prepeptide is modified by a putative muitienzyme compiex consisting of the dehydratase NisB, the cyclase NisC, and the transporter NisT. After export, the leader peptide is removed by NisP, which is anchored to the cell wall. Mature nisin activates the two-component response regulatory system NisRK, and phosphorylated NisR serves as a positive regulator of nisA and the biosynthetic and immunity operons expressing NisABTC and NisFEG,...

Stommel JM, Marchenko ND, Jimenez GS, Moll UM, Hope TJ, Wahl GM (1999) A leucine-rich nuclear export signal in the p53 tetramerization domain regulation of subcellular localization and p53 activity by NES masking. EMBO J 18 1660-1672... 

Even between high-income countries, there are appreciable differences in prices of pharmaceutical products (Danzon and Furukawa 2003). Such differentials have led to some price arbitrage as occurs with parallel imports for example, manufacturers in Country A, with high retail prices for pharmaceutical products, exports to Country B these products with lower prices because of government regulation of the prices of such products or price discrimination, and Country B in turn exports to Country A but at the prices of Country B. 

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