Regions continued North America

Amphetamine production continues to be primarily located in Europe, notably in the Netherlands and Poland, followed by the Baltic region and Belgium. Amphetamine production also takes place in North America (notably in the USA) and in South-East Asia. 

The general rise in the cannabis trend indicator was due to increasing cannabis use perceived by the authorities in most of Africa, several parts of Asia (South-Asia, South-West Asia and Central Asia) and most of South America. This more than offset declines perceived in North America and some European countries, as well as the stabilization or declines perceived in several countries of East and South-East Asia. Trend data for Oceania suggest stabilization at lower levels, after cannabis use had fallen for several years, though there are some indications that the downward trend in the region actually continued. Cannabis use trends in Europe showed a mixed picture, with increases perceived in East and South-East Europe and stabilization or decline reported from several West European countries. 

Sixty three per cent or 17 mt of global methamphetamine seizures continue to be reported from countries in East and South-East Asia 36 per cent are seized by North American countries. In comparison to 2004, the proportion of East and South-East Asia in the global methamphetamine seizures increased from 58 per cent to 69 per cent, while North America declined from 38 per cent to 36 per cent. In 2005, methamphetamine seizures in the regions of Oceania and Europe, accounted for 0.8 per cent of global methamphetamine seizures respectively. While methamphetamine seizures in Europe remain very low, reflecting the limited availability of methamphetamine on the European market, an upward trend has become discernable. European... 

South-East Asia continues to be the main market for such stimulants, accounting for 42 per cent of total seizures in 2005, followed by North America (17 %) and West and Central Europe (16 %). Other important regions include the Near and Middle East (11 %) and Africa (9 %). The proportion of seizures made in East and South-East Asia in 2005 was clearly higher than in 2004 (28 %), but remained below the average of the 2000-2005 period (49 %). 

This review focuses on the occurrence, sources, and environmental chemistry (physical-chemical properties, analysis, and environmental pathways) of PCNs and places observations from the Laurentian Great Lakes basin of North America in context with studies from other regions around the world. We summarize the significant body of research conducted since reviews published in the late 1990s [6,7,12] and finish by highlighting continuing areas of PCN occurrence, behavior, and effects which are in need of understand-... 

These methods have been used effectively to explore the tectonic and paleo-climate for regions in western North America, the Andes of South America, and the Tibetan plateau. The results provide additional evidence that must be included in debates about the paleobotany, paleoclimate, and tectonic evolution of these regions. The range of these results provides additional support for the need for such evidence in interpreting Earth s history and the need for continuing research in this area. 

Table 21 indicates that new ammonia plants are based almost exclusively on natural gas and naphtha. This trend is also expected to continue in the near future. Naturally, the regional distribution is diverse. In North America, for example, natural gas dominates, with 95 % of capacity. In the EU, 86 % of capacity is based on natural gas and 8 % on fuel oil [410]. 

What can be expected the next 5-10 years Fuel oil will continue to decrease in all regions, but only to a minor degree in North America, where fuel oil use is already quite low. In Western Europe and Japan the decrease will also be less than experienced during the last 10 years, because fuel oil has now reached a price level equal to coal, taking away incentive for power stations to shift from oil to coal. For the LD Countries a considerable decrease is expected to meet the increasing demand for transportation fuels. 

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