Refractory raw materials

Carbon and Graphite. Carbon (qv) and graphite [7782 2-5] have been used alone to make refractory products for the lower blast furnace linings, and electrodes for steel and aluminum production. They are also commonly used in conjunction with other refractory raw materials. These materials are highly refractory nonwettable materials and are useful refractories in nonoxidizing environments. Carbon blacks are commercially manufactured, whereas graphite for refractory use has to be mined. 

Chrome Niobium Titanate Yellow, pigment for plastics, 7 370t Chrome Orange, 6 523, 554, 555t pigment for plastics, 7 370t Chrome ore, as a refractory raw material, 21 490... 

See also Carbon entries in cathodic protection, 72 759 as a refractory raw material, 27 491... 

High abrasion furnace (HAF) blacks, 4 775 High activity Ziegler catalysts, 20 154 High alarm, 20 672 High alumina, as a refractory raw material, 21 488... 

Refractory raw materials, 21 483-491 composition of, 21 484 87t Refractory sales, U.S., 21 507t Refractory-wall furnaces, 12 328, 330 Refrigerant-absorbent combinations, 21 525... 

Sillimanite minerals, as refractory raw materials, 21 488 siloxane(s), 22 489-490 atomic structure of, 22 380 anionic polymerization of cyclic, 22 559-560... 

Silica. The most common refractory raw materials are ganister, which is a dense quartzite, and silica gravels. 

Bartha, P., Magnesia spinel bricks - properties, production and use , Proc Int Symp Refractories, in X. Zhong et al., Pergamon, Hangzhou Refractory Raw Materials and High Performance Refractory Products, 1989 661-74. 

Properties Wh. solid sol. in nitric and other acids insol. in water m.w. 179.30 dens. 4.78 m.p. 2550 C noncombustible Uses Refractories raw material Manuf./Distrib. ABCR http //www.abcr.da,... 

DCMA Number. See Dry Colour Manufacturers Association Dead-burned. Term applied to a refractory raw material, and especially to magnesite, after it has been heated at a sufficiently high temperature for the crystal size to increase so that the oxide becomes relatively unreactive with water. Magnesite is deadburned in shaft kilns or rotary kilns at a temperature of 1600-1700°C. 

Firing Expansion. The increase in size that sometimes occurs when a refractory raw material or product is fired it is usually expressed as a linear percentage expansion from the dry to the fired state. Firing expansion can be caused by a crystalline conversion (e.g. of quartz into cristobalite, or of kyanite into mullite plus cristobalite), or by bloating (q v.). 

Bauxite is used for refractory materials production which is used mainly in the steel industry for transport ladles and electric arc furnace roofs, and in the cement and lime industry for rotary kiln linings. Besides, there are three aluminium polymorphs used in refractory industry, namely sUlimanite, andalusite and kyanite, which share the same simple chemical formula (A SiOs). Those minerals differ in their crystallographic structures and stabilities with respect to both pressure and temperature and sillimanite is most desirable as a refractory raw material, as it fires with little or no change in volume and requires no pre-firing. LIBS is very helpful in... 

MuUite refractory raw material is produced by the sinter-bonded method from mixtures of bauxite and silica sand or quartz, and by the electrically fused-cast method from bauxite-derived alumina. 

Blending is carried out in a paddle mill with a kneading action. Along with the raw material and additives, some water is also added. This brings plasticity to the product—the bonding agent clay absorbs water and become plastic. The particles of the refractory raw material become embedded in the plastic clay. 

II. MAGNESIA REFRACTORY RAW MATERIALS A. General Concepts and Terminology... 

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