Refractory materials refractories

Refractory bricks and cements are needed for equipment operating at high temperatures such as, fired heaters, high-temperature reactors and boilers. 

Ordinary fire bricks, fire bricks with a high porosity, and special bricks composed of diatomaceous earths are used for insulating walls. 

Full details of the refractory materials used for process and metallurgical furnaces can be found in the books by Norton (1968) and Lyle (1947). 

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Refractory linings Refractory materials Refractory metals... 

Because of the high operating temperatures, the unit must be constructed of metals capable of withstanding this condition. Combustion devices are usually constructed with an outer steel shell that is lined with refractory material. Refractory-wall thickness is usually in the 0.05- to 0.23-m (2- to 9-in) range, depending upon temperature considerations. 

There is no code or standard that dictates the allowable stresses for refractory materials. Refractory suppliers do not have established criteria for acceptable stress levels. In addition, there is very limited experimental information on the behavior of refractory materials under multiaxia] stress states. 

Let us assume there are two candidate refractory materials. Refractory A and Refractory B, chosen for the lining project. We will also assume that both materials have the same thermal material properties, meaning that both refractories have the same temperature profiles. For the mechanical material properties, we assume that both materials have the same coefficient of thermal expansion and Poisson s ratio. The only difference is in the static compressive stress-strain (SCSS) data. Figure 4 shows the hypothetical SCSS data curves for the two materials at an operating temperature Tq. Since both materials have the same temperature and the same coefficient of thermal expansion, both materials have the same thermal strain, The ultimate crushing stress for Refractory A is /ca... 

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