Reflectivity signature

In service inspections of French nuclear Pressure Water Reactor (PWR) vessels are carried out automatically in complete immersion from the inside by means of ultrasonic focused probes working in the pulse echo mode. Concern has been expressed about the capabilities of performing non destructive evaluation of the Outer Surface Defects (OSD), i.e. defects located in the vicinity of the outer surface of the inspected components. OSD are insonified by both a "direct" field that passes through the inner surface (water/steel) of the component containing the defect and a "secondary" field reflected from the outer surface. Consequently, the Bscan images, containing the signatures of such defects, are complicated and their interpretation is a difficult task. 

Users should be the prime participants in the preparation process so that the resultant documents reflect their needs and are fit for the intended purpose - hence the requirement that documents be reviewed as well as approved. You will need to be able to demonstrate that your documents have in fact been reviewed prior to issue. The presence of a signature on the front cover is not sufficient evidence. To demonstrate that documents have been reviewed you will need to show that nominated personnel have been issued with drafts for comment and that they have provided comments which have been considered by the approval authorities. A simple method is to employ a standard comment sheet on which reviewers can indicate their comments or signify that they have no comment. During the review process you may undertake several revisions. You may feel it necessary to retain these in case of dispute later, but there is no compulsion for you to do so, providing you have evidence that the review took place. You also need to show that the current issue has been reviewed so your comment sheet needs to indicate document issue status. 

Vibration does not just happen. There is a physical cause, referred to as a forcing function, and each component of a vibration signature has its own forcing function. The components that make up a signature are reflected as discrete peaks in the TFT or frequency-domain plot. 

Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. var. meridonalis (Vain) Zahlbr. is a widespread lichen characterized by a lobed structure similar in appearance to alveolar tissue. As Gonzalez et al. (1994) pointed out in their introduction to a discussion of the chemistry of this lichen, its specific epithet reflects its use as a treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis following the Doctrine of Signatures. The varietal name was appended much later to specimens collected in the Philippines. 

Alteration is always a cause for concern in geochemical investigations and the best approach will always be to avoid samples with visual or chemical evidence for alteration. The differential fluid mobility of U, Th, Pa and Ra undoubtedly provides the potential for weathering or hydrothermal circulation to disturb the U-series signatures of arc lavas. In a study of lavas from Mt. Pelee on Martinique, Villemant et al. (1996) found that domeforming lavas were in U-Th equilibrium whereas plinian deposits from the same eruptions had small U-excesses which they interpreted to reflect hydrothermal alteration. However, whilst the addition of U could be due to hydrothermal alteration, the plinian deposits were also displaced to lower °Th/ Th ratios which cannot. Instead, the two rock types may just be from separate magma batches. 

In addition, the GPC trace, an example of which is shown in Fig. 42, reflects the composition signature of a given product and reflects the spectrum of molecular chains that are present. Analysis of the area, height, and location of each peak provides valuable quantitative information that is used as input to a CUSUM analysis. Numeric input data from the GPC is mapped into high, normal, and low, based on variance from established normal operating experience. Both the sensor and GPC interpretations are accomplished by individual numeric-symbolic interpreters using limit checking for each individual measurement. 

Two features of expression profiling make it the most productive approach to study biological systems for the immediate future. First, the present efficiency with which investigators can obtain global and quantitative information with DNA arrays exceeds that of proteomic techniques. Second, RNA expression profiles provide an extremely precise and reproducible signature of the state of the cell that probably reflects albeit indirectly, the functional state of all proteins (Young, 2000, p. 13)-... 

Qads.(max) = 5.7 molecules by unit cell). Generally speaking, Qacis.(max) is closely related to the molecular size, as it is observed for the other molecular species. Secondly, as shown on Figure 5, sorption isotherm sub-step observation could be another signature of zeolite inner surface influence. Such isotherm sub-step reflects a phase transition existence between a fluid phase and a solid phase stabilized by the inner surface sorption sites. 

The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) opened for signature in Paris, on January 13, 1993 and entered into force on April 29, 1997. Its complexity is reflected in almost 200 pages of text, containing Preamble and 24 Articles and three Annexes On Chemicals (6 p), On Implementation Verification (105 p), and On Protection of Confidential Information (5 p) [2], To the main pillars of the CWC belong ... 

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