Refinery combination technologies

From the refinery side, the proposed model will provide the optimal network integration between the refineries, process expansion requirements, operating policy based on different feedstock combination alternatives, process levels and operating modes. On the petrochemical side, the model will establish the design of an optimal petrochemical process network for the production of PVC from the range of process technologies and feedstocks available to satisfy a given demand. 

This is an area of associated technology that has also been developed and demonstrated in several recent units. We have installed a number of refinery off gas (ROG) units, the purpose of which is to treat and concentrate the combined C2 and lighter fractions from refinery unsaturated off gas (FCC and delayed cokers). 

Score [Selective cracking optimum recovery] A process for making ethylene by cracking ethane or naphtha. It combines Exxon Chemical s low-residence time technology with Brown Root s cracking technology. Developed by Kellogg Brown Root in 1999 and planned to be used at Dow s refinery in Freeport, TX, in 2003. BP planned to use it when it expanded its Chocolate Bayou ethylene plant for completion in 2005. 

IFP Ethers Refinery C4 and C5 streams CATACOL technology combines catalysis and distillation separation 26 1996... 

Depending on the proposed objective - deep HDS or combination deep HDS / aromatics saturation - the developed technology can be applied as a single or two stage process. The revamping offers the refinery a much more lower cost route to meet the new gas oil... 

This combined process could produce low-sulfur gasoline at half the current cost of desulfurization and won the Brian Davis Refining Technology award in 1999. The start-up of the first CD Hydro/CD HDS unit was at Irving Oil s St John, New Brunswick Refinery, Canada, in 1999 and produced less than 150 ppm In 2000, Irving Oil received a U.S. Environmental Award. In 2004, the CD Hydro/CD HDS process was used to process about 1.0 million barrels per day of gasoline for mercaptans and sulfur removal in refineries all over the world. 

Using only one of the described methods in the refinery for waste gas cleaning is impossible. Modern refineries have different schemes in their technological structure for gas cleaning, each consisting of many methods. It is only the use of many methods in combination that will allow us to achieve the needed cleanliness of the gas with optimum use of energy and chemical recourses of the refinery. 

The main processes involved in crude oil refining were shown in part III of this book. Now is the time to show how all these processes can be combined in one crude oil refinery. However, it must be noted that every crude refinery is built uniquely and there are no two crude oil refineries in the world having the same technological scheme of processes used. The technological scheme of the refinery must be chosen based on the properties of crude oil that the refinery is supposed to treat. Nevertheless, it is possible to classify all modern refineries in two groups ... 

Biorefineries are among the key areas for a successful industrial application of renewable resources. In concept, biorefineries are similar to petroleum refineries however, biorefineries use renewables instead of petroleum to produce transportation fuels and chemicals. Biorefineries can employ various combinations of feedstocks and conversion technologies to produce a variety of products. The renewable feedstocks can be of various kinds of grain, energy crops such as corn, switchgrass, miscanthus, willow, and poplar, and agricultural, forest, and industrial residues... 

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