References to Section II

Once you ve completed your research and set down a tentative outline, you are ready to begin writing. You might refer to Section II for advice on drafting your paper. Here are some things to keep in mind as you write a research paper. 

The excitation signal in chronoamperometry is a square-wave voltage signal, as shown in Figure 3.3A, which steps the potential of the working electrode from a value at which no faradaic current occurs, E , to a potential, Es, at which the surface concentration of the electroactive species is effectively zero. The potential can either be maintained at Es until the end of the experiment or be stepped to a final potential Ef after some interval of time t has passed. The latter experiment is termed double-potential-step chronoamperometry. The reader is referred to Section II. A for a detailed description of the resulting physical phenomena that occur in the vicinity of the electrode. 

Rhoeadine (R = CH3) was isolated for the first time by Hesse (665) in 1865. It has always been considered to be ineffective physiologically as well as poisonous. In children, the sedative and slightly expectorant effect of the syrup prepared from the flowers of P. rhoeas L. (where rhoeadine is the major alkaloid) could not be explained, nor can it be explained why cattle avoid P. rhoeas (666). Hakim (667) observed, after administration of seed oil and extracts from poppy heads of P. rhoeas, an increase in intraocular pressure in rabbits. Lieb and Scherf (372) administered rhoeadine to rabbits and found a significant decrease in intraocular pressure, mydriasis, and a slight stimulation of respiration. For details refer to Section II, N on the benzophenanthri-dine alkaloids. The increase in intraocular pressure is apparently not caused by rhoeadine. Awe (668) observed spasms after administration... 

Some of the important chemical warfare agents that may pose risks to animal health are described below. For the information on their mechanism of action, readers are referred to Section II of this book. 

Epitaxial lift-off (ELO) was a promising emerging technology for SPAs in the mid-1990s, and still may find a market niche in LED-based displays, but it now appears likely that ELO will be replaced by wafer fusion (refer to Section II.A.3), especially for thin-film VCSEL SPAs. Wafer-fused SPAs are not listed in Table II since the reported work to date has been only in realizing improved... 

Refer to Sections II and III for information on designing tests and for detailed descriptions of common laboratory tests. Considerable skill is required to develop a corrosion test program that adequately defines materials requirements. First, we must identify those conditions that will limit the materials selections. This includes the conditions that will be encountered under nonstandard conditions such as startup, shutdown, and process upsets. In many cases we also need to consider the conditions encountered when the unit is in standby status that is, when the unit is not operating but is being maintained so that it can be put back into operation when it is needed. The best materials selections are made when the full range of these conditions is identified and considered before the test program is started. 

Isotopic labeling of DNA (and RNA as well) at the 3 or 5 end is typically performed using polynucleotide kinase and [y- P] ATP (refer to Section II, Chapter 5). Some 3 -end labeling can also be performed with DNA polymerase or terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase and [ - P]dNTP or [a- P]ddNTP. Labeling by incorporation of isotopically or nonisotopically labeled nucleotides usually relies on DNA (or RNA) polymerases, although nonisotopically labeled oligonucleotides... 

Evidence available so far has suggested some possible roles for glycosylation processes in general. The carbohydrate moieties of complex carbohydrates may be involved in (i) the regulation of intracellular enzyme activity the incorporation of sialic acid residue(s) onto a substrate molecule may signal the completion of a finished cell product (Winterburn and Phelps, 1972) and may modify the catalytic properties of some enzymes (refer to Section II,F, 5,c also Brodbeck et al, 1973). (ii) The control of extracellular sialo compounds sialic acids may facilitate the secretion of sialylated molecules (Eylar, 1966) and may determine the extracellular fates of those compounds (Winterburn and Phelps, 1972). (iii) Membrane function sialic acids may form part of membrane components that transmit extracellular stimuli to the intracellular environment (Roseman, 1974) they may also be responsible for... 

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