Reentry hazards

W.J. Popendorf, Advances in the unified field model for reentry hazards, in Dermal Exposure Related to Pesticide Use Discussion of Risk Assessment, ed. R.C. Honeycutt, G. Zweig, and N.N. Ragsdale, ACS Symposium Series 273, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 323-340 (1985). 

Advances in the Unified Field Model for Reentry Hazards... 

It is advisable, then, in a tiered approach to concentrate first on crops and activities (scenarios) that are considered to be relevant with respect to the expected level of exposure and to exclude those not relevant. Second, whether or not the toxicological properties of the product may lead to general restrictions on re-entry should be investigated. If both the likelihood of reentry and the hazard due to the toxicity of the compound cannot generally be neglected, a risk assessment over several steps should be carried out. The assessment may be based on surrogate data and "worst-case" assumptions at first and then refined, if necessary. One possible approach to a tiered evaluation procedure is presented in Figure 1. 

Reentry-Type Data. Reentry-type data pertaining to entering areas where plants have been treated with pesticides is needed in certain situations to determine if a potential hazard exists for workers who might go back into a treated area. The following is a guideline suggested and used by the Department in deciding whether or not reentry data is needed ... 

CONSENSUS REPORTS EPA Farm Worker Reentry (39 FR 16888,74). EPA Genedc Toxicology Program. EPA Extremely Hazardous Substances List. 

Indoor Exposure. Products to be used indoors (houses, institutions, greenhouses, etc.), may have potential exposure (inhalation, dermal, and ingestion) hazards both during the application and upon reentry. An appropriate ventilation period may be needed to protect residents, inhabitants, or workers in the treated area from inhalation of hazardous chemicals as well as from contacting residues on carpets, countertops, etc. A study outline has been developed and used by the CDFA for studies it conducts to acquire needed data this is available upon request for others to use to plan their studies. 

For more complex examples, the mode in which the system is operating may determine the safety of the action or event. In that case, the operating mode may need to be included in the table, perhaps as an additional column. For example, some spacecraft mission control actions may only be hazardous during the launch or reentry phase of the mission. 

Medical equipment is available on a limited basis. Basic first-aid kits are distributed throughout TA-V, and a more comprehensive supply is provided at the Emergency Assembly Building. This equipment includes a decontamination shower and a selection of first-aid materials for personnel decontamination, either radioactive or hazardous. Wall-mounted stretchers are placed at various locations throughout TA-V. TA-V Reentry Team members and other TA-V personnel receive site-specific first aid training, including CPR. 

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