Reelin

Herz J, Chen Y (2006) Reelin, lipoprotein receptors and synaptic plasticity. Nat Rev 7 850-859... 

Reelin is an extracellular matrix protein, which is secreted by neuronal cells and binds to two lipoprotein receptors (VLDLR and ApoER2) that relay the Reelin signal inside target neurons by docking the tyrosine kinase adapter disabled-1 (Dabl). This allows neurons to complete migration and adopt their ultimate positions in laminar structures in the central nervous system. In... 

Frotscher M (1998) Cajal-Retzius cells, Reelin, and the formation of layers. Curr Opin Neurobiol 8 570-575... 

Lissencephalic cortical neuronal migration defect X-linked Reelin... 

Impagnatiello F, Guidotti AR, Resold C, Dwivedi Y, Caruncho H, Pisu MG, Uzunov DP, Smalheiser NR, Davis JM, Pandey GN, Pappas GD, Tueting P, Sharma RP, Costa E (1998) A decrease of reelin expression as a putative vulnerability factor in schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA... 

Chen Y, Sharma RP, Costa RH, Costa E, Grayson DR. 2002. On the epigenetic regulation of human reelin promoter expression. Nuc Acids Res 30 2930-2939. 

BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor DAT, dopamine transporter DRD, dopamine receptor MAOA, monoamine oxidase A MB-catechol-O-methyltransferase QM-MSP, quantitative multiplex methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction RELN, reelin TH. These primers are suitable for QM-MSP. 

Fig. 9.4 Establishment of the quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) analytical procedure. The ABI PRISM 7900 HT Sequence Detector system was used to perform real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using MSP primers and bisulfite-modified template DNA. Upper panels Setting up the conditions to obtain the standard curves with 50% (A) or 25% (B) sequential dilution of the template. Lower panels The amplification curves on the left represent P-actin, unmethylated, and methylated MSP products, respectively, for reelin (RELN) (C). Amplification curves were compared at the set threshold before 40 cycles. Amplification curves from various samples are shown in the lower panel right (D)...

A mutation in the reeler gene has recently been associated with autism (Keller et al., 2000). Mild abnormalities in cortical neuron migration and in reelin-containing cortical interneurons have been observed in the brains of schizophrenic subjects (Guidotti et ah, 2000). Therefore, a mutation in the reelin gene has also been implicated in schizophrenia. Changes in reelin have also been reported in the hippocampus in affective disorders (Eatemi et al., 2000). 

Fatemi, S.H., Earle, J.A., and McMenomy, T. (2000) Reduction in reelin immunoreactivity in hippocampus of subjects with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression. Mol Psychiatry 5 654-653. 

Guidotti, A., Auta, J., Davis, J.M., Gerevini, V.D., Dwivedi, Y., Grayson, D.R., Impagnatiello, E, Pandey, G., Pesold, C., Sharma, R., Uzunov, D., and Costa, E. (2000) Decrease in reelin and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) expression in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder a postmortem brain study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 57 1061-1069. 

S., Montecchi, E, Palermo, M., Pascucci, T., Puglisi-Allegra, S., Reichelt, K.-L., Conciatori, M., Marino, R., Quattrocchi C.C. Baldi, Zelante A., Gasparini P. and Keller E. (2001) Reelin gene alleles and haplotypes as a predisposing factor to Molecular Psychiatry 6 150-159 autistic disorder. 

Lugli G, Krueger JM, Davis JM, Persico AM, KeUer F, Smalheiser NR (2003) Methodological factors influencing measurement and processing of plasma reelin in humans. BMC Biochem 4 9... 

Luque JM, Morante-Oria J, Fairen A (2003) Localization of ApoER2, VLDLR and Dab-1 in radial glia groundwork for a new model of Reelin action during cortical development. Dev Brain Res 140 195-203... 

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