Reef aquariums

Reef aquariums An aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide is used in reef aquariums to provide calcium for animals such as snails and corals. Calcium hydroxide reacts with the carbon dioxide in the water to produce calcium and bicarbonate ions. Reef animals use the calcium to grow shells and strong skeletal systems. 

Inhibition of cytochromes of electron transport system can be caused by cyanogenic glycosides, such as amygdalin (Fig. 11.14) in bitter almonds, Prunus amygdalus, linamarin and lotaustralin in clover and birdsfoot trefoil, or dhurrin (Fig. 11.14) in Sorghum vulgare. The potent effect of cyanide on cell respiration has given rise to a recent serious conservation problem. In Southeast Asia, divers stun fish on coral reefs with a blast of cyanide to collect them for the aquarium trade. In the process, many fish are killed and the corals bleached, because their symbionts die (e.g. Payne, 2001). 

A second example of an activated chemical defense concerns the Indo Pacific sponge Aplysinella rhax, in which tissue damage results in the rapid enzymatic transformation of psammaplin A sulfate 63 into psammaplin A 64 exposure of 63 to tissue from other sponges does not result in any conversion. Compound 63 deters feeding by reef fish, but when offered a choice between psammaplin A and its sulfate, both foods were avoided. In aquarium assays with C. solandri, extracts of damaged tissue were more deterrent than extracts from intact tissue, but both treatments were less palatable than control foods. In choice experiments, C. solandri preferred food treated with 63 over 64.104... 

Best Snorkeling Beaches Smith s Reef at Turtle Cove, Provo North Beach, Salt Cay Three Mary s Cays, North Caicos Aquarium, Pine Cay... 

Atkinson, M.J., Carlson, B. and Crow, G.L. (1995) Coral growth in high-nutrient, low-pH seawater a case study of corals cultured at the Waikiki Aquarium, Honolulu, Hawaii. Coral Reefs, 14, 215-223. 

The general public are generally aware of cnidarians because everybody has had the opportunity to see, either directly in the wild or indirectly in aquariums or in the media, jellyfish, sea anemones, gorgonians and coral reefs that contain huge amormts of the limestone skeletons of... 

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