Reduction syngas production

The adiabatic fixed-bed reactor with periodic flow reversal has three commercial applications, oxidation of SO2 for sulfuric acid production, oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for purification of industrial exhaust gases, and NO, reduction by ammonia in industrial exhaust gases. Other possible future applications are steam reforming and partial oxidation of methane for syngas production, synthesis of methanol and ammonia, and catalytic dehydrogenations (Matros and Bunimovich, 1996). 

Dacquin et al. [51] used a method called in situ crystallization in a confined space to prepare a LaNiOs/SBAlO catalyst. As evidenced by TEM analysis, very small nanoparticles of perovskite were generated within the silica porosity with a size between 2 and 5 nm and an average closed to 3 nm. The reduction step performed at 700 °C gives Ni° particles well dispersed within the matrix porosity and their size remained close to the support pore size. The catalytic activity for syngas production was doubled compared to bulk LaNiOs precursor, it remains... 

Supercritical H2O as a solvent allows the running of ionic as well as radical reactions. A special feature of SCH2O compared to other SCFs is its ability to act as a reaction partner, e.g. for hydrolysis or gasification. This has led to numerous studies on gasification of (wet) biomass for syngas production. The water-gas shift reaction plays an important role in SCWO, and the presence of H2 allows reductive steps to take part in the reaction mechanisms.The contribution of all these... 

Siedlecki, M., de Jong, W., 2011. Biomass gasification as the first hot step in clean syngas production process — gas quabty optimization and primary tar reduction measures in a 100 kW thermal input steam-oxygen blown CFB gasifier. Biomass and Bioenergy 35 (Suppl. 1), S40-S62. 

Ni species in Ni—Cr—FeOx were present as Ni—Fe alloys after the reduction with methane and as Ni metal crystallites after oxidation with steam. Kodama et al. [54] demonstrated the production of syngas by oxidizing methane with Ni039Fe261O4/ZrO2 at 800-900°C as follows ... 

Figure 12-4 Membrane reactor in wJiicIi a cataJyst promotes reaction in the membrane and maintains reactants and products separate. Examples sliown are CH4 oxidation to syngas and C2H6 reduction to C2H4. Tlie membrane eliminates N2 from the syngas and produces C2H4 beyond equilibrium by removing H2 in these apphcations.

Ci chemistry can no longer be equated only with syngas chemistry. Nature s own C02 photosynthesis and bacterial methane conversion are also Ci conversion processes. We are far from approaching these processes for practical synthetic use efficiently. Production of methane from carbon dioxide (similarly to carbon monoxide) and hydrogen is a feasible process (methanation).80 Similarly, reduction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen to methyl alcohol81 can be readily carried out, and the method has been industrially developed ... 

There is a general interest in recent years in the more efficient use of natural gas (methane) and in the reduction of COj in the atmosphere. The production of syngas (CO and Hj) by COj reforming of CH over heterogeneous catalyst is one of the attractive routes for the utilization of the methane and COj resources [4,5]. Ni/BaTiO, catalyst can be used to the reaction and has excellent performance which is shown in Table 5. 

Although biomass-to-methanol technology has yet to be commercialized, laboratory technology suggests that commercial production would be feasible at a cost of about 0.20/L. Assuming that expected improvements in syngas cleanup and a reduction in feedstock costs are realized, the costs may be reduced to the target of 0.15/L as eady as 1998. 

Slagten and Olsbye [ 10] studied the perovskite LaCoO, (containing some impurities of La O, and COiOj) for the partial oxidation of methane to syngas and observed the production of mainly CO,. If the catalyst was kept at 1073 K after 30 h on-stream the activity changed to give mainly CO which they assigned to the in situ reduction of cobalt. The XRD for Nd-Co-O after reaction revealed the presence of the phases Nd,0, and also the perovskite NdCoO,. For all used catalysts no clear evidence for the presence of simple cobalt oxides such as CoO, COjO, and CO3O4 could be found by XRD. 

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