Redshift phenomenon

Even if it were possible to explain the cosmological redshift phenomenon by de Broglie s aging photon model, the practical feasible direct test of the model is not easy to perform because the minimum necessary distance for the aging effect to be noted is considerable. Let us make a rough estimate of this distance, assuming that the cosmological redshift is due only to the interaction of the photon with the subquantum medium. 

Liu L, Li C, Wang S, Su Q (2006) Redshift phenomenon of the excitation light of long life emission phosphor. Appl Phys Lett 88 241107... 

To summarize, three conclusions transpire from the nanoscale thermodynamics results (a) The interfacial tension between protein and water is patchy and the result of both nanoscale confinement of interfacial water and local redshifts in dielectric relaxation (b) the poor hydration of polar groups (a curvature-dependent phenomenon) generates interfacial tension, a property previously attributed only to hydrophobic patches and (c) because of its higher occurrence at protein-water interfaces, the poorly hydrated dehydrons become collectively bigger contributors to the interfacial tension than the rarer nonpolar patches on the protein surface. 

The deflection of light by gravitating bodies is another famous phenomenon. Unlike the gravitational redshift, it does depend on gt/l and gtJ. The reason is that photons move at speed c, so the terms in Eq. (9) involving Vt] and I n]k are no longer small compared to that with Y t, which was the only one implicated in nonrelativistic motion. I jj and I l]k both involve spatial derivatives of gij, so gij must be known to calculate light deflection. Newtonian arguments cannot help us here. 

On extending the search to pairs or groups of associated galaxies the same phenomenon was observed. The redshift differences bunched up near multiples of the originally observed jump, j. It was correctly inferred that "if redshift is solely a Doppler effect, then the differences between the measured values for members of pairs should show no jumps". 

The author himself regards SSCM in its present form as natural philosophy rather than proven science, but its potential to elucidate cosmic phenomena is enormous. Cosmological redshift is a relevant example. As observed it is a galactic-scale phenomenon, which should correlate with an atomic-scale counterpart. The proposed chemical redshift (5.1.2) is the most likely candidate for this role. The theory predicts an enormous number of small black holes, which, re-interpreted as penetrating a vacuum interface, may lead to the recognition of new sources of astronomical luminosity. 

Using steady-state absorption studies, several other authors examined the micropolarity of confined IL in microemulsions stabilized by ionic surfactants [64,85,87], For example, Sarkar and coworkers examined [bmim][BF ]/benzene mixtures stabilized by the anionic SAIL surfactant [bmim][AOT] and observed that, within the studied range, the A for solubilized MO continued to undergo redshift with increasing R [85, 87], In another work, Falcone and coworkers compared the micropolarities of [bmim][BF4]/benzene mixtures stabilized by cationic BHDC and nonionic TX-lOO surfactants using l-methyl-8-oxyquinolinium betaine (QB), a dye that locates mainly at the surfactant interfacial layer [64]. When [bmim][BF ] was added to both BHDC/benzene and TX-lOO/benzene systems, a larger hypsochromic shift was sensed by the probe in the former. This implies that the local environments in BHDC/benzene system are more polar. The authors ascribed this phenomenon to the strong electrostatic interactions between the [BFJ anion and the BHD moiety of the cationic surfactant. 

Absorption and fluorescence are usually registered using a continuous irradiation of the sample, that is, in steady-state conditions. It is also possible to measure both absorption and fluorescence intensities at different wavelengths as a function of time. Ware and coworkers [33] followed the fluorescence spectra after excitation on the nanosecond timescale, and observed a redshift of the fluorescence maxima as a function of time. Ultrafast techniques have more recently been employed to measure the time-dependence of absorption and fluorescence spectra, and confirmed the generality of this phenomenon for charge-transfer transitions in condensed phases, known as the dynamic Stokes shift . 

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