Redox regulation humans

Jana A, Pahan K (2004) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gpl20 induces apoptosis in human primary neurons through redox-regulated activation of neutral sphingomyehnase. J Neurosci 24 9531-9540... 

Palozza, R, Serini, S., Verdecchia, S. et al. 2007b. Redox regulation of 7-ketocholesterol-induced apoptosis by beta-carotene in human macrophages. Free Radio Biol Med 42 1579-1590. 

S. Taoka, S. Ohja, X. Shan, W. D. Kruger, and R. Banerjee, Evidence for heme-mediated redox regulation of human cystathionine beta-synthase activity. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 25179-25184 (1998). 

In 1986, the antioxidant effects of thioredoxin reductase were studied by Schallreuter et al. [81]. It has been shown that thioredoxin reductase was contained in the plasma membrane surface of human keratinocytes where it provided skin protection against free radical mediated damage. Later on, the reductive activity of Trx/thioredoxin reductase system has been shown for the reduction of ascorbyl radical to ascorbate [82], the redox regulation of NFkB factor [83], and in the regulation of nitric oxide-nitric oxide synthase activities [84,85],... 

Giustarini D, Rossi R, Milzani A, Colombo R, Dalle-Donne 1.2004. S-glutathionylation From redox regulation of protein functions to human diseases. J Cell Mol Med 8 201-212. 

Sparaco M, Gaeta LM, Tozzi G, Bertini E, Pastore A, Simonati A, Santorelli FM, Piemonte F. 2006. Protein glutathionylation in human central nervous system Potential role in redox regulation of neuronal defense against free radicals. J Neurosci Res 83 256-263. 

Kondo, N., Nakamura, H., Masutani, H., and Yodoi, 1. 2006. Redox regulation of human thioredoxin network. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 8 1881-1890. 

Jana M, Pahan K (2005) Redox regulation of cytokine-mediated inhibition of myelin gene expression in human primary oligodendrocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 39 823-831. 

Lee YW, Hennig B, Fiala M, Kim KS, Toborek M (2001) Cocaine activates redox-regulated transcription factors and induces TNF-alpha expression in human brain endothelial cells. Brain Res 920 125-133. 

Walker LJ, Robson CN, Black E, Gillespie D, Hickson ID (1993) Identification of residues in the human DNA repair enzyme HAP1 (Ref-1) that are essential for redox regulation of Jun DNA binding. Mol Cell Biol 13(9) 5370-5376... 

Aitken, R.J., Paterson, M., Fisher, H and Buckingham, D.W. (1995). Van Duin M. Redox regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation in human spermatozoa and its role in the control of human sperm function. J. Cell Sci. /0S 2017-2025... 

Thomas, S. R. and Stocker R., Antioxidant activities and redox regulation of interferon-gamma-induced tryptophan metabolism in human monocytes and macrophages, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 467, 541, 1999. 

Galang, C.K., Hauser, C.A. 1993. Cooperative DNA binding of the human HoxB5 (Hox-2.1) protein is under redox regulation in vitro. Mol. Cell Biol. 13, 4609 1617. 

Tanaka C, Kamata H, Takeshita H, Yagisawa H, Hirata H. Redox regulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene expression mediated by NF kappa B and AP-1 in human astrocytoma U373 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997 232 568. 

Palozza, P, S Serini, A Torsello et al. 2003. Beta-carotene regulates NF-kappa B DNA-binding activity by a redox mechanism in human leukemia and colon adenocarcinoma cells. J Nutr 133 381-388. 

Anions play key roles in chemical and biological processes. Many anions act as nucleophiles, bases, redox agents or phase transfer catalysts. Most enzymes bind anions as either substrates or cofactors. The chloride ion is of special interest because it is crucial in several phases of human biology and in disease regulation. Moreover, it is of great interest to detect anionic pollutants such as nitrates and phosphates in ground water. Design of selective anion molecular sensors with optical or electrochemical detection is thus of major interest, however it has received much less attention than molecular sensors for cations. 

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