Recovery, population

The Davies-ENDOR teclmique is based on an inversion recovery sequence (see figure B1.15.13(A ). The experiment starts by interchanging the populations of levels 1 and 3 of one of the EPR transitions of the. S-/=i... 

Microbial-enhanced oil recovery involves injection of carefully chosen microbes. Subsequent injection of a nutrient is sometimes employed to promote bacterial growth. Molasses is the nutrient of choice owing to its low (ca 100/t) cost. The main nutrient source for the microbes is often the cmde oil in the reservoir. A rapidly growing microbe population can reduce the permeabiHty of thief zones improving volumetric sweep efficiency. Microbes, particularly species of Clostridium and Bacillus, have also been used to produce surfactants, alcohols, solvents, and gases in situ (270). These chemicals improve waterflood oil displacement efficiency (see also Bioremediation (Supplement)). 

Incapacitants are most suitable for consideration in limited warfare situations, eg, when enemy troops are intermingled with a friendly population, or in a city that is a key military objective. The purpose is to capture the enemy without killing the civiUans. Incapacitating agents should produce no permanent after-effects and allow for complete recovery. 

Although eggshell thinning attributable to DDE exposure has occurred in birds in the UK, the lethal and siiblethal effects of the cyclodiene pesticides aldrin, dieldrin and heptachlor are also believed to have contributed to the population effects, particularly in the case of the sparrowhawk and peregrine falcon. Following the withdrawal of DDT and the cyclodienes from use in the UK, Europe and North America, bird of prey populations that were severely affected have shown partial or complete recovery. ... 

The bacterial culture converts a portion of the supplied nutrient into vegetative cells, spores, crystalline protein toxin, soluble toxins, exoenzymes, and metabolic excretion products by the time of complete sporulation of the population. Although synchronous growth is not necessary, nearly simultaneous sporulation of the entire population is desired in order to obtain a uniform product. Depending on the manner of recovery of active material for the product, it will contain the insolubles including bacterial spores, crystals, cellular debris, and residual medium ingredients plus any soluble materials which may be carried with the fluid constituents. Diluents, vehicles, stickers, and chemical protectants, as the individual formulation procedure may dictate, are then added to the harvested fermentation products. The materials are used experimentally and commercially as dusts, wettable powders, and sprayable liquid formulations. Thus, a... 

A feasibility study has been earried out by EPI Asia on behalf of PACOA s Plastics Environment Council into the viability of energy recovery from municipal waste. It is claimed to have demonstrated that a 250,000 tpa plant processing from a population catchment of 500,000, would generate a new 15M We of electricity, and that given a gate fee of 50 Australian dollars per tonne for delivered waste, and power sales of 6 cents per Kwh, the plant would be viable. The recycling process is described. 

FIGURE 5.7 Peregrine population size in Britain (1930-1939 = 100) showing the 1961 population decline and subsequent recovery, together with an outline of pesticide usage (from Ratcliffe 1993). 

Effect only seen in juvenile Effects reported from North Sea in the vicinity of shipping lanes Causes infertility and population decline in England, some without development of penis, but some recovery following 1987 ban on TBT use on small vessels... 

Newton, I. and Wyllie, I. (1992). Recovery of a sparrowhawk population in relation to declining pesticide contamination. Journal of Applied Ecology 29, 476 84. 

The recovery of the entire CM population in the TRL fraction, which is dependent on centrifugation parameters (speed, time, and density gradient used) must be... 

Hutchings JA, Reynolds JD. 2004. Marine fish population collapses consequences for recovery and extinction risk. BioScience 54 297-309. 

---